Corruption in India Essay

CORRUPTIONCorruption is defined as the misuse of any power of public significance for private gain. Corruption is not something new, as per Arthasastra of Kautilya ( around 3rd century B.C) Just as it is impossible not to taste the honey(or the poison) that finds itself at the tip of the tongue, so it is impossible for a government servant not to eat up, atleast, a bit of the kings revenue. Just as fish moving nether water cannot possibly be found out either as drinking or not drinking water, so government servants employed in the government pass cannot be found out (while) taking money( for themselves)Major Scams in IndiaYear1976 1981 1987 1987 1991 1991 1992 1992 1994 1995 1996 1996 1996 2000 2001 2002 2006 2009 2009 2010 2012ScamKUO OIL DEAL SCAM ANTHULAY TRUST (PAY OFF) HDW charge BOFORS SCAM TELGI SCAM JMM BRIBE SECURITY SCAM(HARSHAD MEHTA) INDIAN BANK RIP OFF SUGAR IMPORT BHANSALI SCAM FODDER SCAM HAWALA SCAM urea DEAL UTI SCAM MUTUAL FUND SCAM HOME TRADE SCAM IPO SCAM MAD HU KODA SCAM SATYAM SCAM THE 2G SCAM (MOTHER OF ALL SCAMS) char ALLOCATION SCAM TOTAL AMOUNTAmount (In crore)2.2 30 20 64 43000 0.3 4000 1300 650 1200 950 810 233 32 1350 600 61 4000 24000 1,76,000 1,85,591 4,43,894Effect Of Corruption On Poor Brought turn up By CMS-TIIWith special focus on BPL households 2008 survey shows the following results. About one third of the BPL families paid donation in the destruction one year for one or much of the eleven public services covered in the study. This shows that even the poorest of the poor are not spared in their targeted programs.The survey shows that about 3.4 % of people paid a bribe for a school education and 48% in the case of police service. 4% BPL households employ contacts for PDS ,school education & electricity as they could not pay the bribe. 2% of the people could not get the above services sine they could not pay the bribe or had no contacts.Effects Of Corruption On The PoorBREAK UP OF BRIBES PAID FOR 11 BASIS SERVICES IN MILLION operate covered Public distribution system Hospital School education (up to class XII) Electricity Water supply National rural employment stock-purchase warrant scheme Land record / registration Forest Housing Banking Police Total for 11 basic services of BPL families Total bribe paid in an year 450 870 120 1050 240 70 1240 240 1570 830 2150 8830Source TII-CMS India Corruption Study (2007)CPI Corruption Perceptions Index-2012 As per the data for the year 2000 , India was in the 69th rank with CPI bulls eye of 2.8.As per Ratan Tata Corruption has become worse after liberalizationPrior to 1991, corruption was in the form of granting licenses. Now, its replaced by the award of contracts and in changing the terms of contractual obligations.Source Transparency International 2012 CPI score.CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2012Source Transparency International 2012Corruption Stifles Economic approachAgents Role In the Licensing System Corruption leads in reduction inefficiency. Co rruption leads to wastage of public funds and Resources. Institutionalization of corruption. Most prevalent form of corruption in India. Eg Driving Licensing Process in most states. Willingness to pay bribes.Bounce back on the society.Source February 2, 2008-Economic & Political Weekly.What Is The Root Cause Of Corruption ?Traditional practise. government activity services being monopolistic in nature. overlook of trans-parency. Lack of efficient and review monitoring mechanism. Issues with electoral process (funding). Corporate politician nexus-(State Capture).Socio economic divide.Lack of effective grievance redressal system.Major Demands Of The Team Anna and KejriwalAll govt. servants under the jurisdiction (Including PM). Election and removal be independent of the govt. authorities. CBIs corruption investigating sanction shall be brought under the admin control. Investigation procedure shall be in tune with the criminal investigation procedures. Setting up of lokayuktas.Pro vision for the citizens charter.Effective grievances redressal forum. front Movements Against Corruption1974 Navnirman movement of Gujarat. Jayaprakash Narayans (JP) anti-corruption movement in Bihar of 1974-75 were both against corruption. Other movements Farmers movements. Dalit movement. Womens Movement. Environmental Movements. RTI Movement.India Against Corruption Movement -How it Differed ?Annas Image. Political Vacuum at its peak. Media coverage. In the first phase it seemed completely detached from existing political establishment. Second phase suggested a political alternative. Pan Indian image.ADVANTAGESGave a very severe dead line. Proposed several use lavish amendments. His is a political struggle backed by a moral struggle. Attracted the Youth. Advantages of formation of a political company Other parties tend to choose better candidates. Other parties tend to give more freedom to the lower level workers. Other parties tend to function more transparently. Could be a f ailure in election. But politically success.DISADVANTAGESLess features to prevent corruption prospectively. Based on the assumption that Lokpal go out be full of honest and efficient people.Lessons From Karnataka LokayuktaLessons learnt Lokpal should have the power of a criminal court. Selection of right candidate . Including PM ministers and MPs under the jurisdiction of the bill. Recommendations by Hegde Powers to weapon recommendations of the Lokpal should be the authority of Lokpal rather than the government. Lokpal to have a separate police force for investigation.Lokpal to have the administrative control over CBIs corruption investigation team. Making CVC answerable to Lokpal.WAYS TO PREVENT CORRUPTIONWe need a complete overhaul (holistic approach). Bottom up approach will not work (top officials are also corrupt).We need a top down approach (bring all levels of officers under the jurisdiction of Lokpal). Have faith in the citizens. Emphasis on decentralized the governance structures. Better salaries. Better discipline (accountability and other related aspects).Better recruitment process (importance of Attitude, Aptitude, Ethics). Better automation (Transparency and related aspects). Political will/commitment. Social norms/values should change. Electoral reforms.Question & Answer Session