To find the best insulating material by measuring how quickly water cools

Theory My reason for choosing plastic and coconut tree as the trump insulator is because companys use plastic when producing things to contain screw up. An example of this is a kettle, which uses plastic to keep the incite in so that it does not escape. Plastic is also use on the handles of pots and pans, which deal with a lot of heat when cooking. Coconut is also a well behaved insulator because when you cut down a coconut from the do by tree there is a lot of liquid inside of it. This liquid is kept inside of with let on having the liquid evapora standg. When you combine the two together you get the best of both. You are also trapping denudate in between the two materials.There are also three ways heat disregard travel these as conduction, convection and radiation sickness.conductivity This is the process in which heat is transferred from molecule to molecule by vibrating into in all(prenominal) other hence passing the energy. All materials allow energy to pass through and through them by conduction. The contributionicles of a gas are parcel out out making them poor conductors of energy because they are so spread out.Convection If a temperature difference arises within a liquid or a gas, then fluid dubiousness forget almost certainly occur. This transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another.Radiation The process of transmittance waves or particles through space, or some medium or such waves or particles themselves. Waves and particles have some characteristics in common usually, however, the radiation is predominantly in one form or the other.Vari equals In this investigating there are many variables. I will have to do many things to ensure this is a fair investigation.1. I will change the water system each conviction I complete a set of results and use the same source of water.2. I will use the same copper scratch for all experiments.3. I will heat all water to 80C4. I will work in the same conditions each time.5. I will use the same amount of material each time6. I will use a lid of tin foil each time.7. The mug will have one layer of tin foil more or less it.8. The mug will be kept away from anything that may speed up the time it takes to coolSafety precautions To keep the experiment skillful I shall* deliver goggles at all times due to the danger of hot water* Wear a thick overall, which can be removed if any hot water is spilled.* Wear gloves to protect hands from being burnt.Equipment1 mug1 kettle1 thermometer1 heat mat1 water source1 of each material (5 in total)1 tin foil lidMethodIn the experiment, I am going to test 5 contrary materials in order to discover which is the best at insulating heat. We are to test the materials by wrapping them around a mug, which I will fill with 200ml of hot water at 80c and take the temperature either fleck for 10 minutes. This will enable me to see the temperature decline clearly. I will repeat this sequence 3 times for each material to make sure it is fair an d take a table of averages at the end. I will be using a thermometer to record the temperature, which is accurate to O.5c. The thermometer will be located through the tin foil lid.Preliminary Experiment This is the first of the series in which I used only the mug with a layer of tin foil around it. I used no lid so I could see the effects of convection and then decide on whether to use a lid in the real experiments using materials. In this we tried to use 300ml of water but launch it to be impractical so will use only 200ml for the final experiment. Trying to get water at any temperature higher than 80oc was a rush and mistakes can be made in a rush so we will use 80oc in the final experiment. We tried using a info logger with a heat probe and a thermometer.We discovered cooling was very quick in this way so we will use a lid in the final experiment. We found the selective information logger to be rather unreliable so will use the thermometer in the real experiment.Analysis.Graph s and tables on separate sheet.Conclusion The graph shows a trend with all the materials I have tested in that they all show negative correlation. As time goes on (as temperatures are displayed on the graph for every minute), the temperature of the water decreases. The graph shows the steady decline of temperature with the continuance of time over the ten minute testing time.The poorer insulating materials have steeper declines. The better insulating materials have less steep/ flatter declines. There is a graze between the temperatures of the water after the ten minute testing time of 4.5 oC between the best and wrap up insulating material.In the early stages of the graph, the points ( of temperatures vs. time ) are all fairlyclose together. With the further continuance of time, larger ranges of temperature occur on the graph as aspects such as conduction, convection and radiation play further part in the cooling process. It is these 3 factors which an insulating material must c ontend with to determine how good it is at insulating heat.Conduction is the most influential factor of this cooling investigation so the better insulating materials needed to be good at trapping air to insulate heat as air is a poor thermic conductor which explains why felt and coconut on plastic were better insulators than cotton for example because coconut on plastic and felt are both thick materials and made of matted fibres so were able to trap air and insulate the heat well. In theory, the wool should have been best at trim conduction as it is very thickand matted but it has square gaps between each marge ofwool where it has been sown together allowing heat to pass through.The poor insulating materials (Nylon and cotton) are very thin so uneffective to trap air hence being poor thermal insulating materials.The graph reflects the influence of conduction as the materials best at reducing it cooled slowest.Convection occurs through the sides of the mug but mainly through the t op of the mug. To check this I have used a tin foil lid. This makes it fajr for all testedmaterials as they all have convection reduced equally out of the top of the mugleaving the material to insulate the convection occurring through the sides.Radiation can be swallow uped or reflected by opaque surfaces and dull rough surfaces plunk more heat. This is much like the properties of coconut on plastic which is why it was good at insulating radiation because its outer plastic could absorb radiation and the dull and rough inside coconut could also absorb heat. This is another reason why it performed best.