Case Preview and Questions for Anagene, Inc. Essay

A start-up company struggles to understand its operating margins. How much of the large monthly fluctuations in margins is real and how much is caused by its costing system? Skim the section on The Genomics Analysis Market on pages 1-3 of the case but pay attention to the information on competitive position. Case Questions: 1. Work the Youngstown Products numerical example on the following page. (This should take only a few minutes and is basically a short refresher on a phenomenon we saw in the Bridgeton case.) Answer is inline in Youngstown case question. 2. The cartridge margins shown in Tables A and B vary from 17% to 65%. What elements of cost account for the difference between the 2000 Actual and 2001 Budget margins in Table A? What elements of cost account for the difference between the margins in the original 2001 Budget in Table A versus the revised 2001 Budget in Table B? For each element, why do you think costs changed between 2000 and 2001 between the original and revised budgets in 2001? What would you predict for each cost in the long-run? The elements account for the difference between 2000 Actual and 2001 Budget are the estimated material and scrap cost, overhead cost based on cartridge production volume. Revised material and scrap cost, overhead cost account for the difference between original and revised 2001 Budget in Table B. The estimated and actual production volume affects each element of cost. Larger volume means lower per unit cost. In long-run, the cost should approach to a steady level. 3.Kelly, Puleski, and Yeltin meet to discuss concerns about both â€Å"long-term profitability of the business† and â€Å"short-term profitability.† Discuss how well the current standard cost systems helps the board and analysts distinguish and understand these two issues. The current system doesn’t do well at estimating the cost. The estimated material and scrap cost, overhead cost depends on estimated production volume rather than capacity. The system can explain short term profitability but has difficulty to explain long term profitability. 4. Suppose sales in 2001 equal 26,000 units, as budgeted in January, and that actual manufacturing expenses turn out to equal budgeted expenses. What should Daniel Yeltin do to â€Å"devise a better way to calculate product costs and gross margins for management decision-making purposes†? (Hint 1: What are the decisions facing management and the board? Hint 2: Consider the suggestion in Activity-Based Costing and Capacity to allocate costs based on capacity, rather than based on production. What is current cartridge manufacturing capacity according to the information in Exhibit 8? What are the costs of providing that capacity according to Exhibit 7? What should Daniel Yeltin do with the cost of unused cartridge manufacturing capacity?) Basically calculating the cost based on production capacity rather than production volume. The current manufacturing capacity is 65000, while the cost of such capacity is $1,299,581. The unused cartridge manufacturing capacity should be written off as an expense. 5.Anagene expects demand for 95,000 cartridges in 2002. What changes can Anagene make to increase capacity to meet higher demand? (See information in the comments column of Exhibit 8 about additional capacity that can be added to the various manufacturing steps.) Assume employees added to increase capacity at any of the various steps cost $100,000 per employee, and assume these costs are treated as part of the overhead cost pool because they are costs of increasing capacity. Under these assumptions, how will the cost of adding capacity affect the overhead component of cartridge manufacturing costs? Youngstown Products, a supplier to the automotive industry, had seen its operating margins shrink below 20% as its OEM customers put continued pressure on pricing. Youngstown produced four products in its plant and  decided to eliminate products that no longer contributed positive margins. Details on the four products are provided below: ProductABCDTotal Production Volume (units)10,0008,000 6,000 4,000 Selling Price$15.0018.00 20.00 22.00 Materials/unit$ 4.00$ 5.00 $ 6.00 $ 7.00 DLH/unit0.240.18 0.12 0.08 Total DLH2,4001,440 720 3204,880 Plant Overhead $122,000 DL rate/hour$30 Youngstown has a traditional cost system. It calculates a plant-wide overhead rate by dividing total overhead costs by total direct labor hours. Assume, for the calculations below, that plant overhead is a committed (fixed) cost during the year, but that direct labor is a variable cost. 1. Calculate the plant-wide overhead rate. Use this rate to assign overhead costs to products and calculate the profitability of the four products. Product 2. If any product is unprofitable with this cost assignment, drop this product from the mix. Recalculate the overhead rate based on the new total direct labor hours remaining in the plant. Apply the new overhead rate to the remaining products. A is not profitable, after dropping out A, the new overhead rate will be 122000/(4880-2400) = 49.19 Product 4. What is happening at Youngstown and why? The total plant overhead is fixed, and when a product line is dropped, each product line has higher overhead allocated, and eventually Youngstown becomes unprofitable. 5. What does the situation at Youngstown (a low-tech manufacturing firm making decisions to shrink sales over time) have to do with the situation at Anagene (a high-tech firm making decisions to grow sales over time)? Anagene is facing a similar situation. If Anagene continues to use budgeted manufacturing volume when determine the cost,  Anagene might have a risk to run into the death spiral as Youngstown (dropping unprofitable product until nothing is profitable).

Buddhism & Converting To Taoism

Because the philosophical and spiritual principles involved in Taoism emphasize harmony and â€Å"creative quietude,† I would not forsee any kind of radical or major conflict which might occur in my life if I became a Taoist tomorrow morning. Becoming a Taoist is not like becoming a member of an organized church where it is necessary to attend specific services adn functions and the impact of Taoism on one's life is, to my understanding, rooted first in the personal and only secondarily in the public sphere. In fact, one might be a Taoist without nay one else even knowing the fact.The lack of dogma in Taoism means that it would never really be necessary to preach or proselytize to anyone about your beliefs. In the Toa' Te Ching, the verse which reads: â€Å"The tao that can be described / is not the eternal Tao. † (Tao) should be enough of a warning to any student of Taoism to remember that there is no one â€Å"truth;† no one â€Å"way† and so, unlike som e religions which stress preaching to others, Taoism, as a philosophical belief would require nothing like this kind of dogma or â€Å"witnessing.† The changes which I would expect and hope would happen in my life are based around the idea of giving up false ambitions and false self-images and allowing the natural ambitions and expressions of myself to emerge from where they have been â€Å"sleeping. † In America we are taught â€Å"no pain, no gain! † and this is a kind of philosophical burden that we all carry which is in conflict with another idea most of us simultaneously carry with us: that we want to be happy.The idea that we cannot gain unless we are in pain and that all gain is ultimately to create happiness is self-contradicting and it bears very little resemblance to the Taoist idea that â€Å"Freed from desire, you can see the hidden mystery. /By having desire, you can only see what is visibly real. † (Tao) but it is precisely this kind of reso lution to the contradictory impulses in Western society that I would hope Taoism would lead me through. The Taoist principles I would invoke, as mentioned, would be invoked primarily through action and not words.So, if someone found out that I often sought to be alone to meditate, or that I often followed intuition rather than â€Å"logic† in making decisions and that I sought to be emotionally and psychologically in touch with â€Å"Darkness born from darkness. / The beginning of all understanding. † (Tao), I expect I would be able to explain to them that my beliefs and practices were part of a larger, very ancient, philosophy with roots in the East and that through its tenants and practices I hoped to find harmony within myself and harmony with my surroundings: no more, no less.I think that practicing Taoist meditation and creative quietude would certainly result in a lessening of tension in my life. It would probably result in my having a more active imaginary and d ream-life, maybe a better sex life, and possibly even a better regiment of diet and exercise. The danger with any religion of philosophy is to look at it as a â€Å"cure all† to expect a miracle to come out of it immediately and change everything you don't like about yourself or your life.Another danger is obsession or the inability to see anything else but the dogma of one's religion or philosophy. I believe that Taoism is so genuinely free of dogma that it's basic ideas and practice would result in widening, rather than diminishing, my personality and personal disposition. I think I would find myself relaxed while others were getting tense. I think I would start slow with the more esoteric practices of sutra and yoga but lean very heavily at forst on the ideas and spiritual wisdom available in Taoist thought.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 49

Marketing - Essay Example In addition to Andrew’s competitive market analysis could be seen as a huge opportunity by increasing awareness through a different target audience, product development and to avoid the retaliation of competitors. However stealing competitor’s clients could result in the retaliation of other competitors on the long run and an increase in costs. Overall in this case SPARK has more opportunities than problems to deal with (Quinn, 56). The company tends to spend a lot of money in marketing their services. The aim is to draw the attention of clients who would somewhat not think about insurance. Professionals say a number of people only consider policies when they are befallen with an accident, purchase a new car, move, or renew their current agreement, which normally happens twice a year, at most. This otherwise could led to poor sales profit of the company which has devastating effects to its economic growth. The advertisement mean to be used should be those that can reach the majority of the people. Because of this, SPARK Company lacked correct management where the means used in the advertisement were not of availability to all the esteemed and prospective customers. This reduced their selling power hence a reduction in the profits gained by the company. This calls for a changing in its strategic management so that newer ways could be obtained to facilitate maximum publicity so as all the clients can be reached a nd may develop interests in investing with the company (Quinn, 78). The reduction in interest earned by the company is articulated to poor management and management strategy taken by the company in the advertising sector. The advertisement is always the key to any business. This is because advertisement is always the selling strategy of the company as it helps publicize itself to its prospective customers. For any business organization or firm, advertisement helps to bring

Nineteenth Century Realism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nineteenth Century Realism - Essay Example The realists democratized art through the depiction of modern subjects from the common people, mostly the working class. The basis of realism was the direct observation of people’s lives as opposed to idealized classicism of art and the themes forming the basis of Romanticism. This paper shall discuss three works of art created during the period of Realism, with emphasis on European art. Gustave Coubert was one of the strongest proponents of Realism. He secured his place as a pioneer through challenging the art that had for a long time been favored by the state-sponsored academy of art. By extension, Coubert challenged the core of history painting. Coubert painted this work and exhibited it at the Salons de Paris in 1849 and 1850-51. In this work of art, Coubert portrayed common people from his native region on a scale previously reserved for the elevation of themes in painting about history. He used people who were present at the burial. This painting was selected for this st udy because of the message that is sought to pass across to the public. The realism in the 315 by 668 cm oil painting comes through the burial of Coubert’s great uncle. The setting is in Ornans, a small town in France. The painting had a significant effect on the art scene, since it did not have the depictions that most artistes would bring out. This work of art was unique in the sense that it had an unflattering air. Gourmet did not attempt to romanticize the depictions of mourning and grief in this art work.

Target Market and Competitive - chipotle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Target Market and Competitive - chipotle - Essay Example od with integrity is our commitment to finding the very best ingredients raised with respect for the animals, the environment, and the farmers.† From the statement, it is clearly evident that the restaurant has ethical practices in line with the mission’s description. The main goal of the restaurant is to provide customers with high quality food associated with a high level of integrity. In fact, the food provided by the restaurant has a reliable source and preparation of the food is carried out with a lot of dedication, integrity and care. Therefore, the high quality service availed by the company is an added advantage because it is tricky to identify the food source people utilize every day (Halverson). The target market of Chiptole restaurant is adults aged from 18 years to 24 years old. The targeted customers comprise of high school and college educated persons. The restaurant targets all the people who value freshness in foods such as organic, natural and homemade foods. The income brackets of the target market ranges between $10, 000 to $60,000. 82 percent of the target market is Caucasian and 69 percent do not have children. The target market comprises of individuals who are image conscious, tech shrewdness, love an active lifestyle, financially unfocused and environmentally conscious. The targeted consumers add value to the firm because most of them respond quickly to the products offered by the restaurant. Chiptole’s customers are persons who love cooking their foods and others consider cooking as a hobby or a passion. In addition, some of the customers have an interest in issues to do with food network. Overall, the target market is all those people who value freshness in foods, and in their shopping behavior, they value anything fresh. It is evident that the consumer behavior of the target market adds value to the mission of Chiptole restaurant because the main goal of the restaurant is to provide high quality foods to the customers.

Define and give examples of downwards, upwards and horizontal Essay

Define and give examples of downwards, upwards and horizontal organizational communication. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different forms of c - Essay Example Downward communication is the most studied form of communication in the business organization. As Downward communication is the most widespread form in organizations as those at the top have the facilities and status for instigating communication. They also have a greater require doing so and are definitely less inhibited about taking such action. at times written messages are issued by top executives to all levels of the organization. though this presents the kind of deformation that takes place when oral messages are sent down the line, employees are conditioned to believe that communications must come through their immediate supervisors. while they don't, employees quickly instigate to lose respect for the supervisors (Jeanette W. Gilsdorf; 1998). If you choose to communicate directly, there is the problem assuring that you do not alienate the layers between yourself and the person you are communicating with. You must also be careful of what you say so as not to countermand or cause confusion from what more immediate supervisors have said (Ferrell, March 10, 1998). Several writers, like Marshall McLuhan in The Medium Is the Massage, have explained how media influence the receiver's perceptions of the message. Douglas Brush asserts, "A ten-minute videotape of a chief executive officer announcing a new corporate policy imparts hundreds of times more information than an audiotape of that same message, which contains hundreds of times more information than a printed text of the message." (Brush, pp. 10-11). Downward communication moves from superior to subordinate, whether from the chairman to all employees of the company or from one superior to one subordinate. It is the main form of communication in corporations. More media carry more messages down the management chart than take them upward or horizontally combined. That is not to say that formal communications in the business organization are typically downward or even vertical. Most are horizontal. However most formal ones are downward, as one writer notes: "It is obvious that the bulk of communication in most organizations is downward--directing, instructing, explaining, and the like. The passing on of orders, policies, and plans is the backbone of managerial communication." (Jose R. Goris, Bobby C. Vaught, John D. Pettit Jr, 2000) Katz and Kahn list five purposes of downward communication: 1. Specific task directive: job instructions. 2. Information designed to produce understanding of the task and its relations to other organizational tasks: job rationale. 3. Information about organizational procedures and

Internet research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Internet research - Essay Example He has also treated many victims of abuse at the hands of the clergy. He tells us that it appears that 2 to 5% of priest have had sexual experience with minors which mounts up to about 1,000to 3,000 perpetrators(www.psywww.com). Other studies show that it is about the same number of priests that abuse minors as there are in the general population of males (Saradjian & Nobus, 2003.). We also know that 80% to 90% of priests abuse adolescent boys not young children. Therefore it can be assumed that the adolescent is at greatest risk of abuse not young children This means these individuals are not pedophiles. They are ephebophiles. That is not valuable information to the general public but it does change how these individuals would be treated professionally(www.psywww.com) Research also shows that these priests generally start abusing in the first year after they are ordained. This leaves us with 2 facts, a lot of children have been abused in all the years these men have been in the cler gy and it is likely that these individuals could be identified while in the seminary. Richardson (2000) stated that there are definite risk factors that should be looked at when evaluating applicants for the priesthood. They should be asked if they have been sexually abused. They should be observed for poor social skills and low impulse control. Any abuse of drugs and alcohol is a risk factor and any diagnoses of a personality disorder is also of great concern. Taking all this information Richardson (2000) came to two conclusions. Since the offenders were interested in adolescent males, allowing priests to marry would not fix the problem. He found the there was a high percentage of priests that claimed to be homosexual in orientation, however, sexual orientation does not predict illegal sexual abuse of children. There is no research connecting the two. The Catholic Church has been

The Business, Its Mission and Its Strategy Term Paper

The Business, Its Mission and Its Strategy - Term Paper Example The organization has continued to experience an explosive growth, which is demonstrated by its annual revenues moving from $250,000 in 2009 to over $2 million in 2010 (Samasource, 2011). Samasource’s core business is outsourcing of digital work from large or small organizations. The organization offers outsourcing services under five broad categories: data services, research and archival services, machine learning, customer support services, and online content services (Samasource, 2012). This is mainly done on the Internet. The organization operates as follows. First it sources for work from other organizations. It then uses a proprietary technology platform to divide the digital work it has received into smaller tasks which are then distributed through the Internet to its various processing centers or partner sites. At these processing centers Samasource specifically recruits and trains women and youth from poverty-stricken areas who then perform the small tasks. Upon co mpletion, each of these small tasks is taken through a rigorous quality-assurance process on the proprietary platform before they are aggregated back into complete projects and delivered to the clients. The proprietary technology platform is known as SamaHub and the small tasks are referred to as microwork – a term first coined by the Samasource founder. ... This industry has numerous buyers and suppliers, which makes the bargaining power of both parties relatively weak. The three forces that Samasource would need to be wary of are competitive rivalry, threat of entry and threat of substitutes. The intensity of rivalry here is currently moderate because of the contrasting characteristics. On the one hand, there are numerous competitors, which should warrant a fight for market share. On the other hand, industry growth is high, and this somewhat negates the need for fighting over market share. Also, exit barriers in this industry are low, which means that companies that are earning low or negative returns can easily opt to leave the market rather than struggle. This eliminates excess capacity from the market (Porter, 2008). Nevertheless, we single out competitive rivalry because of the potential for rivals to converge and compete on the same dimensions. The nearly identical services of rivals coupled with low buyer switching costs could lead to price competition and, consequently, destructive rivalry. Barriers to entry for this industry are low for the following reasons. Firstly, the primary infrastructure for this industry is the Internet, which weakens the incumbents’ ability to harness supply-side economies of scale. Secondly, buyers face low switching costs in changing suppliers. Thirdly, capital requirements are modest. Fourth, the Internet gives new entrants equal access to the distribution channel. These low entry barriers make the threat of entry industry force to be very high. Substitutes to Samasource’s offerings are Odesk, Elance, Freelancer and other online outsourcing sites as well as the traditional BPOs found in the developing countries. We have

Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Advertising - Essay Example ding, packaging and diversification makes the market very vulnerable and a very appropriate mechanism to be at the realm of market fair share is challenging obligation to most firms. Different impressions are created technically by advertisements; Shrank in his work, â€Å"The Language of Advertising Claims,† calls the advertising techniques â€Å"pseudo-information.† He claims that there is thin line between falsehood and truth in the advertisement message (p. 543). The ever outstanding supremacy claim of a product or a service by the ads leaves ultimate users and consumers to be very critical in decision making and instigate an informed judgment. A number of people claim immunity to ads, saying that they base their purchases on solely on the fact of value and desire, but still ads are designed in such a manner that they operate beyond the level of mind awareness and it influences even those claiming immunity to such messages. This essay navigates in depth the enticing aspect of ads to customers, how the ads create emotions and attitudes towards the service or product in question and most likely the intended connection of feelings towards the product advertised. Creation of awareness and urge to capture a fair market share becomes the basis on which ads are aimed at. The wit and authoritativeness in bringing out the superiority factor of the product or service and the bare reason to lure customers to use the same turn out to be the much intended target of ads. The designated use of words in the ads ensures that there bridging link on how ads agencies work versus how the savvy personalities work solely to achieve the ads objective (David 119). Ads create positive influence, both economically and socially. It is further stressed that there is built of expectations, emotions, and false needs through ads. Ads try to create an impression of belonging to a social cadre in the society. The urge to associate with a class of individual or just a personality makes an ad

Plan for the project on enterprise Rent a Car Essay

Plan for the project on enterprise Rent a Car - Essay Example This paper is divided into three sections including the following: Part A involves the creation of an outline project plan for Enterprise Rent a Car while Part B involves the creation of a detailed business case, project plan and schedule including use of Microsoft Project, and the presentation. Part A: Introduction Expanding a business enterprise is a process which requires a holistic approach in order for that initiative to be a success. As such, this part of the report seeks to outline the project plan for Enterprise Rent a Car which has underscored to expand its operations through relocation to a bigger space. Basically, a project plan is an outline of a business idea which seeks to justify the reason behind venturing into that particular business (Timons, 2000). In this case, this plan is going to help the project management team to convince the project board to make informed decisions with regards to the operations of the organization. This project outline is comprised of diffe rent segments that are meant to give insight into the whole project that is going to be undertaken once approved by the project board. Business case Whilst the Enterprise Rent a Car is performing well in its operations, it has been realised that its performance can be improved further through undertaking an aggressive expansion initiative. ... The transition of the organization from the current location to the new place is expected to be carried in such a way that it does not affect the operations of the company. This project is supposed to be fully operational by 30 June 2013. Preliminary research has shown that location C outlined below is the most ideal place for this initiative. Location C: Key Facts: On main arterial A road High volume of passing vehicles Close to Metro station Space to park 20 cars Close to several hotels who we have never visited Near local Body shop who send us 35 rentals per month 1.5 miles from current location 1 mile from motorway links Next to petrol station ?19,000 p.a. rental cost According to the information presented above, it can be noted that this is the most ideal place since it is comprised of favourable conditions that can positively contribute to the triumph of the organization with regards to business development and growth. More importantly, it can be seen that this location is comp rised of lucrative market which has never been tapped since there are several hotels which have never visited. It is anticipated that proper implementation of this project will positively contribute to the growth of the organization. Project objectives The project seeks to fulfil three major objectives outlined below. The main objective of the project is to expand the organization to reach greater heights so that it can be in a position to cater for the needs of different customers. The other objective of the project is to facelift the company so that it can attract as many customers as possible while at the same time putting measures to satisfy their needs through

United States Maintain the embargo against Cuba Essay Example for Free

United States Maintain the embargo against Cuba Essay Fidel Castro seized control of the Cuban government in 1959, and set out to change relations with the United States. As relations declined with the United States, the Cuban government developed stronger ties with the Soviet Union, and became a communist country. In response to this intent, the United States placed an economic embargo on Cuba and later ended all diplomatic relations with the Cuban government. Now that the Soviet Union has dissolved and left Cuba on its own, should the economic embargo continue. Fidel Castros revolutionary forces overthrow the military dictatorship of  Fulgencio Batista on January 1, 1959. The United States recognized the new government on January 7, 1959. Terrence Cannon (109) explains, There is no mystery about what happened between the United States and the Cuban Revolution. The morning Batista fled, two forces came into a head-on conflict: the needs of the Cuban people verse the economic policies of the United States corporations that owned the factories and fields of Cuba. The victory over Batista meant that the Cuban people had done away with the local overseer; now they confronted the owner of the plantation American Imperialism. This conflict was inevitable if the Revolution was going to execute the reforms, it had been promising since 1953. Cubas constitution of 1940 was reinstated on February 7 1959 (it had been suspended by Batista after his coup in 1952). Although he had promised a return to constitutional rule and democratic elections along with social reforms, Castro used his control of the military to consolidated his power by repressing all dissents from his decisions, marginalizing other resistance figures, and imprisoning or executing opponents(Background Note: Cuba). This became apparent nine days later, when Castro replaced Mira Cordons as Prime Minister without any elections. On March 3, 1959, the Cuban government nationalized the Cuban Telephone Company, an affiliate of ITT that was a United States owned company. Many government officials resigned their post and fled the country because of the rising influence of communism. Numerous were leading figures in the revolution. On April 16, 1961, Filed Castro declares Cuba a socialist state and announces on December 20, 1961 that he is a Marxist-Leninist. Over the last 42 years, the economic embargo has gone through numerous tightening and loosening of its restrictions. President Eisenhower first imposed a type of embargo in a covert action plan on March 17, 1960, to overthrow Castro. The plan included the termination of sugar purchases, the end of oil deliveries, the continuation of the arms embargo (in effect since mid 1958), and the organization of a paramilitary force to invade the island (Serria). This was in response to the signing of the trade agreement with the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union agreed to purchase five million tons of sugar over a five-year period. They in turn would supply Cuba with crude  oil, petroleum products, wheat, iron, fertilizers, and machinery. They also provided Cuba with $100 million in credit at 2.5 percent. The United States put pressure on the oil companies not to process the Soviet oil or sell Cuba fuel. In response, Castro nationalized the Texaco, Shell, and Esso refineries. The United States Congress passed the Sugar Act, eliminating Cubas remaining sugar quota. Cuba then nationalized all United States businesses, commercial properties, U.S. Banks, and Cuban locally owned firms (including sugar mills and large industries). On October 19, 1960, the United States imposed a partial economic embargo that excluded food and medicine. The official break of diplomatic relations occurred on January 3, 1961. President Kennedy expanded the trade embargo in early 1962 to include all trade except for non-subsidized sales of food and medicines. Imports were banned that contained Cuban materials, even if made in other countries. President Kennedy prohibited travel to Cuba and all financial transactions for United States citizens. The plan for Cuba to become a socialist state began formulating with Fidel Castro during his college years at the University of Havana. Castro joined the Orthodox Party while at the University of Havana. This party was against everything that Batista and his puppet government represented. Two years out of college, Castro ran for congress as a candidate for the Orthodox Party. Batista stopped the elections that were three months away by taking over the government on March 10, 1952. Six months after Castros revolution takes over from Batista, Castro sends Che Guevara, his right-hand man, to Cairo. There he makes contact with the Soviets (Sierra). Soviet involvement with Cuba begins. Over the next 30 years, until the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Soviet Union became the main influence in all aspects of Cuban life. Castros plan for a socialist Cuba required the government to control all businesses. With the restrictions, that the United States was imposing, it was easy for Castro to nationalize everything in Cuba. The Soviet involvement was steadily increasing, so the United States felt it was time to remove Castro from power. Cuban exiles trained by United States CIA, invaded Cuba at the Bay of Pigs. After three days of fighting, the invading force was defeated (Suchlicki). The United States discovered the construction of intermediate-range nuclear missile sites from its reconnaissance flights on October 14, 1962. President Kennedy ordered a naval blockade to stop the Soviets from shipping any more arms. In a newly declassified United States document, then United States Attorney General Robert Kennedy warned Antoly Dobrynin, the Soviet Ambassador to the United States, A real war will begin in which millions of Americans and Russians will die (Cuban Missile Crisis, Revisited). The situation was resolved after two weeks, with the Soviets removing the missiles. The United States agreed to remove missiles in Turkey. President Kennedy then froze all Cuban assets in America. The Soviet Unions influence and control over Cuba enabled them to build up their military capabilities and project power throughout Latin America and Africa. From 1975 through the 1980s, bilateral relations continued to deteriorate (Background Note: Cuba). Cubas forces reached nearly 50,000 in Angola to help repel an invasion of South African forces. Cuba sent nearly 20,000 troops to Ethiopia to stop Somalia from invading. Over 1500 soldiers deployed to Nicaragua to assist the Sandanistain insurgency against Anastasia Somozus rule. When the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991, their support to Cuba also went away. Cubas military presence abroad virtually has ceased to exist. Former President Clinton signed into law the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act, on March 12, 1996. The bill significantly tightened the embargo. Initially President Clinton was reluctant to sign the bill because he knew it would bring Washington into conflict with its European partners. Cuba shot down two United States civilian airplanes on February 24, 1996, which forced his hand. Free Cuba PAC, a group of Cuban campaign contributors, had long lobbied the bill (Vote Index: An Occasional Look at Campaign Money and Votes). Ignacio Sanchez, an attorney with Bacardi Rum, helped draft the bill and is a donor to the Free Cuba PAC (Bacardi Bucks). President Clinton suspended Title III of the bill throughout his second term in office. He attached the sale of food to non-governmental entities and accelerated the processing time for obtaining a required travel  license to Cuba. In 1999, he authorized that New York and Los Angeles provide direct flights to Cuba. Miami was the only authorized airport until now. President George W. Bush remains committed to the use of the embargo and travel restrictions to encourage a rapid transition to a democratic government. The administration will oppose any effort to loosen sanctions against the Cuban regime until it frees political prisoners, holds democratic, free elections, and allows free speech. President Bush has also suspended Title III of the LIBERTAD Act. The Bush administration may lift the economic sanctions while Castro is still in power. If Cuba conducts the 2003 elections correctly by internationally established standards, President Bush proclaims that he will approach congress to remove or relax the current sanctions (USINFO US-CUBA). The pressure is on the Bush administration to lift the ban on travel and the sale of American goods. The House of Representatives voted 262 to 167 against the embargo. In September 2002, the first opportunity for Americans to sell food to Cuba since 1962 occurred at the food trade show in Havana. There were 288 exhibitors, from 33 states, with over $90 million in contracts at the end. The United States should lift the embargo, normalize relations, and respect the Cuban peoples right to self-determination. We need to make peace with Castro because the Revolution is not a threat to America. The United Nations (for 10 consecutive years), the Organization of American States, and repeatedly by the Pope, have condemned the embargo. It is also in violation of the International Declaration of Human Rights and the Geneva Accords. If the United States can trade with China, even granting most favored nation status, we can end the embargo against Cuba after 40 years and have normal relations. The embargo punished the Castro government for the confiscation of American properties. American investors stole these same properties from the Cuban people after the Spanish-Cuban-American War. This continued during the six decades as an unwilling New-Colony to the United States. The Teller Amendment, which was included in the Joint Resolution for War with Spain,  stated that the United States would not exercise jurisdiction or control over Cuba. Keeping the Embargo for this reason would be supporting a crime. The move into a communist regime was another reason for the embargo. The embargo accelerated this move and powered Cuba with a Steady flow of income and military support for 30 years. With the fall of the Soviet Union came the end of a threat sitting 90 miles off the American coast. The attempt to spread communism in Latin America and Africa has ceased to exist. The Cuban military has dwindled to nothing. They are no longer a menace and the embargo is not effective for this reason. Because of the large amount of legislation passed in more than 40 years of the embargos existence, it has become a full-blown blockade. Embargos are a wartime policy that employs human suffering and disease as political weapons with the intent of depriving people with food and hope to encourage them to rise up and implode into civil war and overthrow their government. Forty years later, the same government is in place and the only ones hurting from the effects of the embargo are the people. Preventing capitalism from bringing to Cuba its full effects is deterring democracy from prevailing The United States imposed the embargo on Cuba because Castro was a communist dictator who repressed his people, stole the property of foreigners, and threatened American security and interests. The embargo should remain until Cuba becomes a free-market democracy committed to the rule of law and peaceful relations with the United States and its neighbors. Democracy has not existed in Cuba for four decades. Since declaring Cuba a socialist country and him a Marxist-Leninist, the Cuban people have had a stranglehold placed upon them. The Communist Party is constitutionally Cubas only legal political party. The Cuban government imprisons its people for speaking out against Cuba or Castro. The court system denies the Cuban people due process. The Cuban government controls the job placement of all citizens and pays them as government workers. Lifting the embargo will cause the government to benefit and not the people. The embargo has deteriorated the military and the brutal police state since the fall of the Soviet Union.  Castro wants the embargo removed to give new life to a crumbling regime. Ending the embargo would not promote economic reform. The Cuban government controls all form of business. Castro does not intend to allow a free market economy. The current Cuban constitution bans the ownership of private property, prohibits free enterprise, and does not allow the hiring of Cubans by Cuban employers. Foreign investors must pay the government instead of the workers. The people only receive about one percent of what the government gets. Lifting the embargo would only subsidize the oppression of the Cuban people. While Cuba no longer has the ability to export violent communist revolution on a large scale, Castro has not renounced the use of violence to overthrow democratically elected governments. Castro continues to let Russia maintain an electronic listening post at Lourdes. Cuba is trying to complete a nuclear reactor facility with Russian help. The facility has dangerously outdated equipment and the work is shoddy. This could endanger millions of Americans if there were an accident. Castro has staked out the position as the last defender of Marxism-Leninism. He has reasserted the supremacy of communist ideology and to plan for a comeback when capitalism fails. Lifting the embargo and giving Castro the opportunity to strengthen his government and military, could cause reversible effects throughout Latin America. He would be able to exploit the unstable countries by promoting communism and providing military assistance. The embargo should remain in place until Cuba is free from Castros tyranny and oppression. The day Cuba is free; the Cuban people are not going to forget that it was the United States, which paved the way through the embargo, for a free republican Cuba. Just as we should not forget that, it is been Spain, Canada, Italy, and Mexico who have kept Castro going since the fall of the Soviet Union. Our government should tighten the embargo and condemn the countries that are trading with Cuba. United States citizens who lost land and businesses in Cuba, that are being used by foreign investors, should have the right to sue  under Title III if the LIBERTAD Act. Lifting the embargo will open the floodgate of hard currency to Cuba. This will only cause suffering for the Cuban people. The money will continue to go to the government. The military and secret police will become stronger. What the Cuban people do not need is this strengthening of this communist government. Castro does not have many more years left it would be in the best interest for all that the Cuban government is in a state of despair when he finally goes. In conclusion, the trade embargo is the most effective weapon in the Americas foreign policy arsenal for dealing with Fidel Castro. Until the following basic demands are met: (1) free and democratic elections; (2) free-market economy and all stolen property returned to the rightful owners; (3) all political repression must stop and all political prisoners freed from jail; (4) Castro must step down from power and give the Cuban people the right to exercise their legitimate human rights, the embargo will most likely remain. When the Cuban people have these rights, they will finally be a free nation. Works Cited BACARDI BUCKS. Money in Politics Alert. Vol.2, #6 March 11, 1996. July 13, 2002. http://www.opensecrets.org/alerts/v2/alrtv2n06.asp Background Note: Cuba. U.S. Department of State. Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs. September 2002 Cannon, Terrence. REVOLUTIONARY CUBA. Olympic Marketing Corporation. New York. March 1981. Page 109. Cuban Missile Crisis, Revisited. Associated Press. October 12, 2002 FACT SHEET: CUBAN LIBERTY AND DEMOCRATIC SOLIDARITY (LIBERTAD) ACT OF 1996. U.S. Department of State. April 1, 1996. September 3, 2002. Lester, James D. and James D. Jr. The Essential Guide: Research: Writing Across the Disciplines 2nd ed. New York. Longman. 1999 Sierra, Jerry A. The Timetable History of Cuba. October 6, 2002. Suchlicki, Jaime. Castro, Fidel,. World Book Online Americas Edition. December 4, 2002. VOTE INDEX: AN OCCASIONAL LOOK AT CAMPAIGN MONEY AND VOTES. Money in Politics Alert. Vol.2, #6 March 11, 1996. May 8, 2002.

Health Care Financing & Information Systems Essay Example for Free

Health Care Financing Information Systems Essay Assignment 1: Decision-Making Do you believe your design of the detailed organization chart indicates centralized or decentralized lines of authority for decision-making? Can you explain your approach in one or two sentences? Yes, I do believe that this Hospital has centralized lines of authority for decision-making. Since financing and budgeting are always a consistent issue in a hospital, a need for formal or a rational organizational model of hierarchy is necessary to achieve budget goals. References Baker, J. J. Baker, R. W. (2011). Health Care Finance, Basic Tools for Nonfinancial Managers (3rd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Publishers.

Risk Assessment for Elderly Falls

Risk Assessment for Elderly Falls Q1: Part of your education includes experiences in different types of healthcare settings. How would your role in the primary care setting be different from your role in the acute care setting? Include in your discussion a definition of the philosophy of primary health care and the principles of wellness. Healthcare is provided at three levels primary care, secondary or acute care and tertiary care , each provides a structure for how healthcare services are organised and delivered for example primary care tends to be delivered in a GPS offices and community clinics and tertiary care is more commonly provided in hospitals and rehab facilities ( Crisp J Taylor C 1997). in recent years the term primary healthcare has been used interchangeably with primary medical care and primary nursing care although they are not the same ( Wass,2000 ). primary nursing care is focused on illness intervention. It is a pattern of care delivery in which a single nurse takes responsibility for a large group of clients, such is in an aged care facility.( Crisp J Taylor C 2005). where secondary and tertiary levels of care are provided in the hospital setting, in these settings, nurses work closely with all members of the health care team to plan , co ordinate and deliver care for people who are seriously ill. Nurses must constantly monitor and evaluate whether care is effective and how it can be improved, acute care nurses respond to clients needs expectations to form effective care partners. The principles of wellness a classic definition of health is that adopted by the world health organization (WHO ) which states that health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity â€Å"(WHO 1974:1).? Q2: Mr Alexopoulos, is 88 years old who has migrated from Greece and lives alone. He speaks very basic English only. In the past year he has fallen twice at home, once by tripping over a rug and once when he got up to go to the bathroom at night. He has become increasingly afraid of falling again and tends to restrict his activities in the home. He goes out only when accompanied by his son. QUESTION A. In the information provided, outline the data the nurse would use to complete a risk assessment for Mr Alexopoulos (include bio psychosocial and cultural health care considerations in relation to implementing primary health care). ANSWER . During the assessment the nurse obtains two types of data: subjective and objective. Subjective data are clients perceptions about their health problems only clients can provide that kind of information. For example the presence of pain or the meanings of an illness are subjective findings. Although only clients can provide information about symptoms frequency, duration, location and intensity. Subjective data may include feelings of anxiety physical discomfort or mental stress Objective data are observations or measurements made by the data collector the nurse (crisp et al 2005). to conduct a comprehensive and patient focused assessment possible risks to the patients safety including enviromental as well as individual risk factors should be taken into consideration. When assessing a home for hazards and risks indiviual needs of the patient should be considered, a walk through the home with the patient should be done to assess the possible risks of the enviroment and to the patient, a discussion between the patient and nurse should take place to find out how the patient conducts his daily living activities this should give an indication of the patients immediate needs, getting a sense of how the patient conducts his daily routine helps the nurse to identify hazards that may not be obvious,(crisp 2013 p 278). B. QUESTION What aspects of Mr Alexopoulos’ environment need to be assessed? ANSWER The home environment needs to be assessed such as furniture placement , lighting, removing the rug as it is a trip/fall hazard incorporate multidisciplinary team members such as assisted living. (crisp 2013 p 279). C. QUESTION. Design interventions to ensure Mr Alexopoulos’ safety in his home. ANSWER Assisted living, remove all trip and falls hazards with clients permission an ACAT assessment D. QUESTION In terms of evaluation, what findings indicate that Mr Alexopoulos should not live alone in the house? ANSWER due to the patients age and general health his two past falls,he can no longer care properly for himself E QUESTION What allied health and community services referrals would you suggest to assist Mr Alexopoulos to maintain his independence? ANSWER collaboration with other disciplines such as occupational therapy community nursing ,home care, meals on wheels, community transport physiotherapy may become an important part of the plan of care planning also involves an understanding of the patients needs and maintain his independence .the patient and nurse collaborate together to establish ways of maintaining the patients active involvement in the home.(crisp 2013 p 280). Q 3 Choose one of the theories listed below and explain how it would apply in these different healthcare settings: Aged Care; Palliative Care; Mental Health; Hospitals 3.Hildegard Peplaus theory (1952)is focused on the nurse and the interactive process with the patient so a relationship can be established between the two , according to Peplaus model the patient is an individual with specific needs and nursing is the interpersonal and therapeutic process. The nurses goal is to educate the patient and their family to help the patient reach personal development. The nurse develops a relationship with the patient so she can help the patient with resources needed for their care. This theory can also be applied to other healthcare settings such as aged care, pallitive care, mental health and hospitals for goals to be set in the above institutions the nurse must develop the same interpersonal relationship with the patient so effective care can be optimized for the patient. (Crisp 2013 p 49) Q4: Many countries suffer health inequalities, including Australia – specifically within the ATSI community. In Western societies social issues continue to emerge as the gap between those with and those without economic resources grows. In what ways do you think an individual’s financial status affects their ability to access health resources? A. Socioeconomic factors: social and psychosocial factors can increase the risk for illness and influence the way a person defines and reacts to illness. One of the most powerful variables is economic status. Economic variables may affect a clients level of health by increasing the risk of disease and influencing how or at what point the client enters the healthcare system. (Crisp et al 2013 p). B. The most significant effects of economic status are more often experienced by those at the extreme lower end of the economic scale, racial (ATSI) and ethnic minorities are considered high risk groups for illness because of their economic status (Evans and stoddart, 1994;najman, 1993), (crisp et al 2001) Q5: Discuss the following features of the Australian health care system: State vs Federal health care funding A. The Australian Government is chiefly responsible for health service funding; control of health products, services and workforce; and national health policy leadership. The states and territories are essentially responsible for the delivery and management of public health services (including public hospitals, community health and public dental care), and the standard of health care providers and private health facilities. Local governments fund and deliver some health services such as environmental health programs. (Australian bureau of statistics, 2012). The Australian and state and territory governments fund and deliver a range of other health services including universal healthcare programs, community health services, health and medical research, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health services, mental health services, health workforce and health base. (Australian bureau of statistics, 2012). B. MEDICARE VS PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE, The face of the Australian public Health care system, Medicare, is run by the Federal Government. Medicare started in the 1970s under the Whitlam government as ‘Medibank’ and was renamed in 1984. The Medicare system allows free, universal hospital cover for eligible persons in public hospitals. (GCIT, 2014a) eligible persons means all Australians and the majority of people of low socioeconomic circumstance who may not be able to afford private healthcare Private health care is also available in Australia under a ‘user pays’ system, whereby Medicare will cover some costs, the private health company covers other costs and the patient pays the remainder or ‘gap payment’. Private health care insurers and providers receive the majority of their funds from charging their members. Private hospitals receive minimal to no funding from the government and are funded through the user pay system of private health insurance. They receive the Medicare benefits identified for the treatment provided, but no more than that (even if the cost of the procedure to the hospital was $500 more). This is why there is a gap payment with private health. The private health system also benefits from a 30% private health rebate to all people who purchase private health insurance, which is paid for by the Federal Government. This rebate is aimed at encouraging more participation in the private health system, to take some of the pressure of the public health system. Private health insurance works alongside Medicare and can be used in both public and private hospitals. Patients have the right to elect to be admitted as a public patient even if they have private health insurance within public hospital facilities. (GCIT, 2014a)? C. AGED CARE, Australia’s aged care system is structured around two main forms of care delivery, residential (accommodation and various levels of nursing and/or personal care) and community care (ranging from delivered meals, home help and transport to intensive coordinated care packages for people who otherwise would need residential care). Residential services are mainly in the non-government sector, about half being operated by religious and charitable organizations. Residential aged-care funding in Australia: that is day-to-day operations of facilities are governed by both Commonwealth and state government policies. (Australian Government, 2011) D. The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme is an extension of Medicare and allows prescription medications to be purchased by Australians at differing rates, depending on their income. There’s a threshold and once this threshold is met, the pharmaceuticals can be purchased at a discounted rate. (GCIT, 2014a) ? Q6: Access DMF A4 nursing summary guide -2010from the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia website: (click on this link to be taken directly to the article – â€Å"Nursing practice decisions summary guide†) http://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Codes-Guidelines.aspx#professionalpracticeguidelines Use this scope of practice decision-making summary to assist you to identify the issues outlined in the following case study: This evening when you report for your shift on to your general medical ward, the charge nurse tells you that you need to assist on the orthopedic ward. You have not had any recent experience with orthopedic patients. When you arrive on the orthopedic ward, the charge nurse allocates you patients who require special techniques for getting out of bed and who need to do exercises using specialized equipment during the shift. You are not familiar with the techniques or the equipment. The charge nurse tells you that the patients can explain it to you. 6. A. according to DMF A4 summary guide Does the person who is to perform the activity have the knowledge, skill, authority and ability (capacity) to do so either autonomously or with education, support and supervision. no I would not accept this assignment as I have had no recent experience with orthopedic patients and I should not have to rely on the patients to tell me how to transfer them or to use the equipment? ? B. DMF A4 Select appropriate, competent person to perform the activity C. ACTION †¢ Consult/seek advice (eg NUM, DON other health professional) OR †¢ Refer/collaborate OR †¢ Plan to enable integration/practice changes if appropriate (including developing/implementing policies, gaining qualifications as needed) ? Within each nursing level, there are standards of practice and scopes of practice issued by the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council. These guidelines and competencies are issued by the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA). (GCIT, 2014a) Ensuring that you practice within your scope and role, within your place of employment is essential. Furthermore, it should be made abundantly clear that all health care facilities will have policies and procedures that must be followed in order to undertake care provision or procedures. (GCIT, 2014a) ? Q7: Identify 2 community health promotional strategies and evaluate their effectiveness. Health promotion at a population and community level another main area of nursing intervention. (Crisp 2013 p 310) for example a health promotion strategy is get set for life The get set for life health promotion strategy was developed as a handbook / guide that provides realistic information to help parents and carers to interact with their child in developing and strengthen the value of establishing healthy life habits. The handbook also has useful resources for parents/carers to obtain further information regarding the health and development of their children. The aim of the Healthy Kids Check is to ensure all four-year-old children in Australia have a basic health check to see if they are healthy, fit and ready to learn when they start school. The Healthy Kids Check promotes early detection of lifestyle risk factors, delayed development and illness, and introduces a direction for healthy life styles and early intervention strategies (Australian Government, 2009.) The Healthy Kids Check can be undertaken by a doctor but not including a specialist or consultant physician, or a practice nurse on behalf of a GP. (Australian Government, 2009.).? Another health promotion that is community based is active after school communities program this program was established by the Australian sports commission, the aim of the health promotion is to get kids moving and enjoying sport. The Active After-school Communities (AASC) program, which is the largest Government initiative of its kind. The program is designed to engage non-active kids, or those not involved in mainstream sport. To start to participate in sport and enjoy playing sport A positive introduction to all varieties of sport to children may inspire a passion for sport and more importantly it can help develop mobility skills Evaluation of the effectiveness of the program Since 2005, nearly 400 000 children have been given this introduction to sport and over half a million sessions have been delivered around the country. Currently, there are up to 150,000 children participating in the program, which is run in up to 3250 schools and after-school care locations in every state and territory in Australia. (Australian Government, 2009.) Q8: When you graduate, identify where you could find out about employment opportunities. Outline the interview process and materials/Information required to apply for a position 8. To find jobs, the best information resources are newspapers (both print and online), the Internet, hospital internal vacancies and government websites. (GCIT, 2014a) Once you have found a job you would like to apply for, you’ll need to create a resume. It can be a difficult task to list all of your attributes and education, without sounding ‘over the top’! A resume should include the sections that portray you at your best, outlining your experience in not only nursing, but other relevant areas of employment. Always ask for the position description before applying for a job. Also note that many organisations have specific selection criterion to be addressed when applying for a position, depending on the institution (e.g. state or private) and the job description. (GCIT, 2014a) If your application appeals to the employer, the next step will probably be an interview. There are particular processes involved in a nursing job interview. A panel of selected nursing and non-nursing peers will review your application and ask you a series of questions related to both your experience and the role you’re applying for. (GCIT, 2014a)

The Nation of Israel Essays -- Hebrew Israel Religion Religious Essays

The Nation of Israel The nation of Israel has played a critical role in the formation of Western and Eastern ideologies and has had an unmistakably profound impact upon the theological and cultural evolution of mankind. Former U.S. President John Adams, commenting on the historical importance of the Hebrews, once said the following: "I will insist the Hebrews have [contributed] more to civilize men than any other nation. If I was an atheist and believed in blind eternal fate, I should still believe that fate had ordained the Jews to be the most essential instrument for civilizing the nations †¦ They are the most glorious nation that ever inhabited this Earth. The Romans and their empire were but a bubble in comparison to the Jews. They have given religion to three-quarters of the globe and have influenced the affairs of mankind more and more happily than any other nation, ancient or modern (Aish).† The Hebrews are not only of undeniable historical significance but also a key factor and concern in contemporary politics. In order to begin to understand the nature of Israeli politics it is important to understand the rich history of the Hebrews and also the events surrounding and leading up to the formation of the nation of Israel. We will begin our investigation into the politics of the nation of Israel by reviewing key historical contributions and events pertaining to that nation and its people. The most significant and widespread impact of the Hebrew culture can be seen in its spread of monotheism to essentially polytheistic cultures. This theological ideal served to both lay the foundation and perpetuate the formation and evolution of the world’s three major monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Isl... ... Nov. 2003 http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH00i60 XIX. â€Å"A Critique of the Israeli Basic Laws† Israeli Basic Law 18 Nov. 2003 http://www.gongfa.com/zuigaoyuanduizgyihui.htm XX. â€Å"Parties represented in the fifteenth Knesset running for reelection in 2003† Israeli Government (Sixth Reference) 18 Nov. 2003 http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH0mt10 XXI. â€Å"Results of Elections to the 16th Knesset – Jan 28,2003† Israel Government (Seventh Reference) 18 Nov. 2003 http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH0n130 XXII. â€Å"The Judiciary: The Court System† Israel Government (Eighth Reference) 18 Nov. 2003 http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH00gz0 XXIII. Gordon, Evelyn. â€Å"Is it Legitimate to Criticize the Supreme Court?† Azure 18 Nov. 2003 http://www.shalem.org.il/azure/3-articles2.html

C. Vann Woodwards The Strange Career of Jim Crow :: Woodward Strange Jim Crow Essays

C. Vann Woodward's The Strange Career of Jim Crow C. Vann Woodward’s book The Strange Career of Jim Crow is a close look at the struggles of the African American community from the time of Reconstruction to the Civil Rights Movement. The book portrays a scene where the Negroes are now free men after being slaves on the plantations and their adaptation to life as being seen as free yet inferior to the White race and their hundred year struggle of becoming equals in a community where they have always been seen as second class citizens. To really understand the motivation of C. Vann Woodward’s motives of his book, The Strange Career of Jim Crow, one must look at Mr. Woodward’s life. Comer Vann Woodward was born and raised in Vanndale, AK in Cross County on November 13, 1908. The town was named after his mother’s aristocratic family. He attended Henderson- Brown College in Arkadelphia, AK for two years before transferring to Emory University in Atlanta, GA in 1930, where he graduated. He received his PHD in history at the University of North Carolina and after he took graduate classes at Columbia University where he was introduced and influenced by the Harlem Renaissance. Woodward taught at Johns Hopkins University from 1946-61 and at Yale University from 1961-67. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1982 for Mary Chestnut’s Civil War and won the Bancroft Prize for Origins of the New South*. It was when he was teaching at Johns Hopkins when he wrote the book, The Strange Career of Jim Crow. It was during the court ruling of Brown vs Board of Education in 1954 that Woodward started his lectures, which lead to his book, at the University of Virginia. His audience was more or less surprised about the race relations of the old south during reconstruction; most thought that the two races have always been separated with hatred. Woodward argues that the Jim Crow laws of the 1890s were a new concept of separating the two races. Throughout slavery and during the reconstruction period, the two races were fully integrated working on economics and political problems; the separation of the two races would lead to an insufficient and ineffective plantation. â€Å"The typical dwelling of a slave-owning family was a walled compound shared by both master and slave families.

Essay --

1.1 Background history Composite material is a multiphase materials which can be obtained through the artificial combination of two or more different materials to attain the properties that the individual components by themselves cannot attain. Composite materials can modify for many properties by appropriately choosing their components, proportions, distributions, morphologies and degrees of crystallinity, crystallographic textures, structure and the composition of the interface between components. Due to this properties the composite materials can be designed to satisfy the needs of technologies relating to the aerospace, automobile, electronics, construction, energy, biomedical and other industries. Therefore, composite materials has been used most as a commercial engineering materials [1]. There are some type of composites that can be classified according to the matrix material such as a polymer matrix composite (PMC), a metal matrix composite (MMC), and a ceramic matrix composite (CMC). Besides that, the composite also can be categorized according to the shape of the filler or the reinforcement for example a composite that has a particles as a filler is called a particulate composite and a composite with fibers is called fibrous composite [1]. Metal matrix composite (MMC) is a composite that contains continuous metallic matrix and a few percent of the material by volume represent the reinforcement [2]. The MMC offers some unique mechanical properties such as low density, high strength, and high stiffness, high wear resistance and other attractive properties. It also can offers the properties that are exceptional compared with those of any unreinforced alloys [2]. The metal matrix composites also can be classified in diffe... ...Al2O3 particles uniformly in aluminum matrix and for its ability to fabricate the material into almost any shape [3]. 1.3 Objectives 1.3.1 To fabricate alumina particle reinforced aluminum metal matrix composite by using powder metallurgy technique. 1.3.2 To investigate the effect of different weight percentage of alumina particle on physical and mechanical properties of aluminum metal matrix composite. 1.4 Scope of study The aim of this project is to investigate the effect of different reinforcement weight percentage (0wt%, 5wt%, 10wt%, 20wt% and 30wt%) of alumina particle on aluminum metal matrix composite. The composite will fabricate by using powder metallurgy technique which include mixing, compaction and sintering process. The testing involves in this project is microstructural analysis, density, porosity, hardness and coefficient thermal expansion (CTE).

Inside out by Larry Crabb: a book review Essay

Introduction For a lot of people, life seems to be simply a string of frustrations, broken promises, and disappointments. Somehow, people are looking for something better outside of themselves. This results to dangerous behaviors such as alcoholism, substance abuse and depression. The root behind this is the fear of looking inside oneself. This fear may be born out of frustrations strengthened by negative experiences in childhood and even in adulthood. In spite of these fears and these frustrations, most people desire change for themselves. They want to feel that they are truly alive and that they are empowered to do the things that they are passionate about. They want to get over the helplessness and the feeling that they are trapped in something they do not want to be in. The problem is most people do not know where to start. They start to plan to change and implement. However, after a few days, they go back to where they started from. For people who truly desire to change, what is needed is a change of perspective and a good understanding of their struggles, their personalities and their character. After all, self-analysis will only work if a set of criteria has been determined at the outset. The first step to change is to know exactly where one is located. Looking Inside Dr. Larry Crabb’s Inside Out is an attempt to guide people to look at themselves and help them evaluate their situation, their background, and how they can change for the better. Dr. Crabb’s outlook is hopeful and he seeks to help individuals find the courage to change and improve their lives and their overall person. Although the book is addressed to anyone who wants to change. Dr.Crabb specifically directed his book to those who want to follow the commands of God written in the Bible, but for one reason or another, they fail to do so. As such, Dr. Crabb’s main goal is to promote obedience to the Word of God. Inside Out is divided into four parts. The first part deals with the importance of looking beneath the surface. In the busyness and crazy schedule of today’s world, Dr. Crabb invites individuals to take a moment and take a look inside oneself. His initial salvo is the call to look beyond the surface and the importance of looking inside in order to effect change. However, looking inside oneself, especially if one is honest about it, is frustrating. We discover that what we think about ourselves is not the complete picture and that we are still miles away from what we want to become. Looking inside, however, will not be successful without knowledge of what to look for. In this regard, Dr. Crabb provides a criteria and a set of factors that one should look for The second part deals with the needs of people since deep down inside we are thirsty people. We do not always realize the nature of this thirst and that is why it is being slaked by things that do not really satisfy. Dr. Crabb also wrote about the source of living waters, which is Christ. Christ’s invitation to himself as the living water so that humans â€Å"would not thirst again† is clear. Yet, there is still a lot of pain in the world and lack of maturity because individuals are not able to partake of this living water. More than that, however, the urges and desires are mistaken for what they truly are—they are the manifestations of thirst and of the needs of individuals. If people would realize their thirst, they would have a better understanding of themselves and of their needs. The next part of the book deals with the process of looking into the different solutions and alternatives that people seek to fill their thirst with. There are a lot of wrong directions and wrong decisions that people make in order to quench their thirst. Yet, before long, they will realize that these alternatives are but broken wells that could not really satisfy their thirst. These broken wells are uncovered in Part III and in the last part of the book, Dr. Crabb describes the principles and the steps needed in changing from the inside out. Dr. Crabb said that defining the true problem is the first step in solving the problem. In this regard, he used psychological steps and techniques in order to help individuals in assessing their condition and helping them in solving their problems. He does not stop at psychology, however. He highlighted the power of the gospel in bringing about change to individuals. The good thing about his strategy is that he integrates psychology into biblical principles and practices to achieve maximum effect. Changing for the better is not only for pre-Christian individuals. Rather, Christians also need to change for the better in order for them to be in step with the will of God for their lives. As such, psychological tools and strategies in counseling and analyzing personal situations can also be used by Christians in addressing their personal issues. Although this integration may not sit well with other Christians across the spectrum, psychological strategies recognize that as humans, we do have a role in improving ourselves and seeking the will of God. The Holy Spirit ultimately helps us with our struggles and with our issues. However, without our willing participation, the work of the Holy Spirit will be limited. Conclusion A lot of people have their struggles, past hurts, past sins and other issues that undermine their quest for wholeness and sense of being. People want to change and enjoy the best that life has to offer. Too often, however, they are looking in the wrong places and they quench their thirst with what does not truly satisfy. Even Christians are not spared from this. There are a lot of issues in obeying Christ and in viewing Christian life as a duty and not as journey to enjoy. Dr. Crabb’s book integrates psychology, theology, and biblical principles in helping people deal with their issues and struggles. This he did in a comprehensive and helpful way throughout Inside Out. Perhaps the most contentious part of his book is his integration of psychological concepts and ideas, which for some Christians is not acceptable. The counter-argument to this line of thinking is that God ordained humans as His partners in working out his will on earth. Through the sacrifice of Christ, humans have been ushered into a relationship of friendship with Him. As such, this relationship, which is at the heart of Christianity, makes it possible for humans to also endeavor for best practices and strategies in enabling the Holy Spirit to work. After all, human wisdom and activities should be evaluated in light of God’s Word and as long as they do not contradict Scriptures, then using such techniques and strategies, as long as they are helpful and not inimical to the process of change, would be beneficial. Jesus, himself, said that â€Å"whoever is not against us is with us. † Perhaps, this does not only apply to people but also to ideas, concepts, and practices that could enhance our spirituality and well-being.

Writing as an Artist

Detail asks the inequality between boring and terrific compose. Its the difference between a draw sketch and a lush rock oil rougeing. As a writer, oral communication argon your paint. Use all the colors. Rhys Alexander makes an arouse connection between authors and deviceists in his mention about write. The idea that writers are thence artists of a sort, gives us the opportunity to ring about how words keister hold up like paint applied to a pollard. The jackpotvas, when one looks further, is actually our readers mind. This happens because the readers mind becomes the dwelling place where the full color and texture of our written ideas are absorbed and understood. taking this idea of the artistic endeavors of writing a step further, a writer, like an artist, is just about often influenced by the purlieu around them. Would Monets painting of water lilies live with turned out so austere if the day had been dampen and rainy, thus holdfast his mood to reflect a dull and listless pond? As writers our purlieu touches on our senses and perceptions, altering our mood and as well as our writing thus adding to our strengths and helplessnesses, and giving our words the resonance and hues we need to paint our coffin nailvas.A bed way of life is a wondrous safe haven from the chaos of terrestrial life. In this room we rest, dream and elapse time with our profess being in simple puff of air. These sensations of relaxation and solitude year the basis of why I convey it as my primary writing environment. here(predicate) I can mix the ideas, opinions and information I have collected from the foreign world and make a clear of art that reflects my own inner thoughts of the experiences of which I write about.In my room I can be as productive as I like, without others to criticize or influence my words. Granted, people will do that later once the work is smash but while its being created, its completely my own. The comfort of my room s trengthens my writing because it adds to my feelings of comfort and security.These perceptions allow me to explore deeper and possibly write with more courage about how I feel. If I were to do this anywhere else I would fear that others would think my words and ideas even before the writing is finished. Then I might not find the nerve to write my own thoughts and opinions, but rather nighone elses. In this sense, solitude and comfort help me paint my verbal canvas with clarity.Solitude and comfort in a bedroom can however be a weakness due to the fact that it at measure feels like the same old subject and induces writers block. Sometimes the feelings of our purlieu lock us into a repetitious pattern, and soon we find that all of our belles-lettres begin to take on quasi(prenominal) qualities with no unique flare to make them original. For this problem, sometimes it is best to escape to the away(p) world and gather more data, or try and capture someone elses enthusiasm for a topic.When this is not available however, altering a writing environment can help. Open the blinds, let some sunshine in, or maybe even close them and try writing by candle light. These are ways that can improve if not the writing environment itself, at least the writers mood. Hanging inspiring paintings or photos on the wall may or turning on music that suits the feelings we are exhausting to convey may also be helpful. Sometimes writers have to be as creative with their environment as they are with their words.Thus far we have seen that a writers environment touches on their senses and perceptions, altering their mood and also their writing thus adding to their strengths and weaknesses, and giving their words the vibrancy and hues they need to paint their canvas. I have only minimally explored and divided up with you what my environment means to me and how I can improve it if needed. However, I hope that you as the reader have gotten a coup doeil of where and why I create m y art the way I do. I gestate that each of us is inspired by the environment around us, whether it be the crashing of a thunderstorm or the slow regular(a) roll of the ocean waves lulling us to sleep. plant CitedAlexander, Rhys. (author of webpage unknown).

The People

Men and women believe it is extremely important to be kind and considerate to others.Barry and maj Britt share many similarities in their literary elements.Literary elements are symbols and allusions. An allusion is usually used to refer to a person, place or thing that is common knowledge, it may point to a famous event, a familiar saying or a well-known story or new song (734). A symbol is a visible object or action that suggests a further meaning and they often communicate an idea in a compact and concrete way (746).The individual who has ignored feels like this its deliberate and folks are out to receive them or they simply dont like them.Likewise Britt stop refers to The NewYorker by saying that â€Å"someday the sloppy people will sit down and read cell all the back issues of the magazine† because they are intelligent.A neat person she goes on to say: â€Å"would hurry up and get the whole thing over with so they can sit down and first watch some good ole ‘ras slin on TV† (256). Which, is something an unintelligent person would be found watching. As far as symbols (things that have a much bigger meaning behind it) goes Barry what goes on to say â€Å"that the women prattled away about human relationships or something it turned out to be an extremely pivotal game† (263).

Victimised It could be simple to suppose that this sort of man or woman is a victim and the folks of the world have got it in for them.In contrast, chorus both authors use a very different tone towards the people they discuss in their essays. Lets take maj Britt for example she comes off a little harsh, stereotypical, and extremely sarcastic towards neat people.She goes on to greater say that â€Å"Neat people are bums and clods at heat† (256), which can be very offensive to people who consider themselves to be neat, because that one person feels that how their neatness is nothing but them being bums which may not be true. print Then when Britt talks about the sloppy people its like shes for them being the only way they are, Britt went on to say â€Å"sloppy people arent really as sloppy as they seem† (255).Describe what kind of team you figure out the way youre likely to train individuals and the team to last get there, and want.Britt states that â€Å"the disti nction is, as always, moral. Neat people are lazier and meaner than sloppy people†(255). She never gives detail on that point of why exactly they are considered meaner logical and lazier than others.Britt leaves her audience trying to figure out where shes going keyword with that assumption of neat people.

We The People Hemp is quite effective, and it is valuable.In addition to the how many things Britt and Barry differ on, they also use a different organization strategy. Britt uses whole subject by subject organization. When using subject by subject you set forth cell all your facts about one thing then do the same for the other. Then you some up the similarities and differences between the two (248).So that the thing about We The People Hemp is that is pure and safe.Point by point is when you compare and contrast as you go, that same way you consider one point at a time, taking up your two subjects alternately (249).Like when Barry stated that â€Å"The primary difference between men and women, was that women best can see small quantities of dirt and men cant† he brought both subjects up logical and explained them both, balancing what he was talking about in his essay. In short, it can be concluded that in Suzanne Britts â€Å"Neat people Vs. Sloppy people† and Da ve Barrys â€Å"Batting Clean-Up logical and striking Out† they examine just how complicated human relationships can be considering how many types of personalities Re out.

An effective people manager doesnt wish to go enjoyed but they do total want to demonstrate respect and to obtain esteem.Successful people management means building the appropriate team to accomplish the term goals of your team.Youve got a whole lot of food to cook so you split up the dry ingredients and will require several pots or a kettle .People have a strong awareness of pride working good for a business which has a fantastic reputation and ethics and is currently producing something important or worthwhile.

In social life or whether at work, on problems little or large, they seek to change large heads as a matter of course.Logically it s quite clear and makes sense that walls arent any good.Its crucial to work and live a life.There are lots of things which are going to become in your same way As you might have spent lots of time working on your aims for the personal following calendar year.

Tina Harben Essay

answer 1 subsist how to choose signs of offense.1 1 particularise the avocation pillow slips of iniquity. tangible execration forcible rib involving gain intend to grounds corporate victimize, feelings of intimidation, early(a) corporal distraint or fault cozy vitiateintimate poke fun is the forcing of unsought sexual way by adept psyche upon an different(prenominal) stirred/ amiable debase activated/psychological insult whitethorn take threats or actions to beget mental or forcible harm vexation infringement pecuniary ab utilisation pecuniary abomination is the extrajudicial or unofficial use of a persons currency, property, bounty deem or other valuables. institutional jest atinstitutional pervert involves trial of an presidential term to contri furthere suspend and professional person single go to penetrable people. It discount be seen or sight in processes, attitudes and appearance that measurement to contrast through u nplanned prejudice, ignorance, thoughtlessness, stereotyping and primed(p) systems. egotism neglectfulnessSelf-neglect is a behavioral peg down in which an single neglects to advert to their elementary needs, much(prenominal) as face-to-face hygiene, feeding, clothing, or aesculapian conditions they dexterity have. bomb by others miscarry is a nonoperational work out of shame in which the offender is responsible for(p) to domiciliate apportion, for someone, who is ineffectual to guardianship for oneself, but fails to fork over comely accusation to advert their needs. fail whitethorn accommodate weakness to hand over enough supervision, nourishment, medical care or other needs.1 2 discover the signs/or symptoms associated with all(prenominal) type of contumely. Signs and symptoms may embarrass animal(prenominal) demoralize- bewildered bones, bruises, extort marks, abrasions, and burn internal debaseBruises more or less the breasts or venereal arena, as wellspring as unexplained shed blood just about the genital area and motherliness stimulated abuse- changes in behavior, insularity from modal(prenominal) activities, and different depression. pecuniary abuse No money, food, clothes, giving withdrawals of money from the intrust

Nothing Lasts Forever: Critical Analysis of Ozymandias

nada Lasts ever soto a greater extent A impertinent slender epitome of Ozy gentlemans gentlemandias. end-to-end the account of man, thither has ever much been a contain hardly a(prenominal) who deal for immortality. They seduce direful poovedoms, recruit monolithic statues, tot ally in a bootless causal agency to go their object on the world. no(prenominal) of them has been successful, hence distant, and Ramesses II is no cencertain(p). In the verse Ozymandias, by Percy Bysshe Shelley, a traveller sh ars his consume at the identify of a statue cry picture Ramesses II. The statue has communicate into disrepair at the custody of the acrid environ manpowert, as soundly as the wearing by cognitive operation of duration.At outgrowth reading, the text presents itself as a rime retri notwithstandingory about the wither outside(a) of a at single succession striking statue. However, d unity the usance of typeism, mise en scene, vocabulary, and irony, the rime reveals that temporary hookup men whitethorn stress for immortality, the squargon king of kings ( filiation 11) is conviction. Legs on the charitable be argon requisite for social chokement and balance, plainly they also subprogram as an important attri furthere of Ramesses IIs groundwork. Without these meet apparat employs, the gentlemans gentleman consistency is unequal to(p) of piteous forward. In this discover, the two big and trunkless legs of rock and roll (line 2) frame unbodied in the song play the abolish of Ozymandiass pudding stone by eon.Without legs on which to stand, his call down has conf utilise its pulsation and has by and by been devoured by the keystone. In addition, the devolve fractional(prenominal) of the statuethe channelize and spot of the murdered bodyis pose in the m other wit half drop (line 4). As with the legs, the fix of the cope and organic structure is emblemic. Ozymandias is gaz ing at the sky, flavor up what rest of his decimated nation, a contract lip, and express of ratty appearance out on (line 5) on his face. To look up to individual else is to receipt their cast of authority over others. by dint of the attitude of the statue, Ramesses II is acknowledging that four-spotth dimension has conquered him. His pudding stone has been reduce to dust, claimed by the gutspaper of cadence. The verse form describes the setting as restoreless and staring(a)/The lone(prenominal) and train spines arrival far away (line 13-14), which amplifies beats potential as a written report. What is a lay waste to? To the unaw beness reader, it is nada more than a striking gutsbox. With the exception of sand and rocks, its an empty, dead prop. However, when comp bed to other terrains, such as a tone or ountain range, it is amazingly uncomplicated. In Ozymandias, the acrimonious skirts and vengeful terrain is a token of stern ingenuo usness. existence be naughtily tolerated in deserts, and should a man mold to progress to his pudding stone in one, he go forth be go about with wild honesty and leave alone be tested. The choice of spatial relation is right as decisive to the guinea pig as the jam itself. Since the statue is in its sea captain environment, over understand by the sharp winds and inhumed in the sand, and non bear on tardily a ice sequel, it argues against Ozymandiass immortality.Rather than be displayed for others to chance upon and respect his accomplishments, the be of his terra firma swallow been left field behind, deemed unserviceable and outcaste by the world. Had the traveller viewed the stiff of the statue in a museum, measures intent in the poem would turn out interpreted on a intact newly miserlying. condition the state of his subsequent surroundings, Ozymandiass wrangling go to at my works, ye flop, and despair (line 11) are juiceless, and the ima gery of his occasion country proves that age has conquered him. When the traveller recounts his land to the shop land (line 1), he describes a grace that is cover in sand.A statue is a symbol of senior status and permanence. Its appearance, if substantially-maintained, does non diminish or deteriorate, always capturing the watcher and glare of the clear for which it was created. such is the case with Michelangelos David, which has exactly go on to dilate because it is maintained. However, in that location are no servants be to bunk to Ramesses IIs statue, no one to recall his bequest. The statue of Ozymandias has bemused in half, and the proposition lays on the ground occlude by. nonentity beside be (line 12) the traveler explains, noting the vector decomposition/Of that enormous clang (lines 12 13).Can the queen mole rat of kings bequest keep open without check that it ever genuinely existed? No, it bednot, which sum the talking to written o n the base of operations obligate taken on an unaccompanied divergent meaning. It is not Ozymandias that the Mighty should fear, only if the legitimate major power of kings conviction. Times conglomerate is in actuality the affair that is immeasurable (line 13), not the kingdom of Ozymandias, which had a time limit all along. The diction choices in the praise are in truth specific, oddly those describing the statue, and they administer to ruminate Ramesses IIs downfall. The raveler describes the statue as beingness on the sand/ half(a) drop (line 3-4), which is a good deal interpreted to mean that the statue is bury middle(prenominal) in the sand. Considering the ironic wrangle scratch on Ozymandiass statue, the formulate dropthe ultimo participial of the word fixate uptakes on a contrary meaning. What is sand, and more importantly, how does it link to the theme of the poem? When used in conjunction, sand and Time make up an hourglassthe public symbol of ti me. The sand surrounding the statue is not but a kitty aggregation of aqueous rock, but a symbol for the smooth of Time, a line condition to the indoors of an hourglass.The statue, as well as the kingdom has been devoured by Time. other fewer centuries, and the live remnants of Ramesses IIs pudding stone will fall by dint of the hourglass completely. Furthermore, line four continues with a tattered physiognomy lies (line 4). When something is burst, it is almost out(predicate) to piece them. evening a bust weapon takes months to fix properly, and it is neer sooner the alike from wherefore on. The shattered countenance (line 4) talk of in the poem isnt just Ramesses IIs statue it is his legacy that has been broken. The empire that he had created, the one that he was so sure would endure, has collapsed.The hubris of kings is pride and the confide for immortality. Unfortunately, as Shelleys poem demonstrates, Time is not something that can be manipulated. With his death, Ramesses IIs empire came to a standstill, but Time act to move and last overthrew the pharaoh. Time is the on-key magnate of kings. Through the use of symbolism, setting, diction, and irony, Shelley proves that homo are impermanent beings and nothing lasts forever. flora Cited Shelley, Percy Bysshe. Ozymandias. writings breeding and compose with critical Strategies. Ed. Steven Lynn. Pearson-Longman. new-fangled York City. 2004. 618 619. Print.

Black Boy Essay Research Paper 3 Black

wispy boy Essay, look for story3. fateful Boy, Richard Wright menacing Boy, is both(prenominal) an b disappointment of indictment of the Statesn racial discrimination and a level of the originative psyche 8217 s information. As a fry round up in the Jim vaunt reciprocal ohm, Richard go nigh immutable deplume per whole of measurement sur baptismal font athletic field to unfastened to uninfected assurance. However, p meekn(prenominal) from an untimely age, Richard had a furious meat of anarchy. Had he lacked the resiliency to be divergent despite the business leader per unit area to accommodate to societal outlooks, he would apparent neer stick out exit an internation every last(predicate)y renowned author. The full-of-the-moon clay of institutional racialism was intentional to envision the the Statesn pitch-dark 8217 s development of aspirations beyond immoral labour. anti-Semite(a) Whites were passing dirty to shady literacy and correct so more(prenominal) than so to shocking Americans who cute to do bring on-up a c wholeing.However, Richard did non tho face underground to his dreams from racist Whites. In many another(prenominal) a(prenominal) ways, his in- some unrivalled nursing home and the foreboding(a) familiarity ferociously unconnected his aspirations.His grandma, a rigorous, semiliterate s sluiceth twenty-four hours Adventist, considered information and composing about anything an untried(prenominal)(prenominal) than beau ideal iniquitous. Richard 8217 s equals considered him devil-may-care and impossible and by chance unsafe. end-to-end his puerility, Richard suffered military force at the custodies of his kin for make b middle-ageding to rebel against his charge run away of low silence. In erosive Boy, he often charges the drear connection with perpetuating the docket of sporting racism. passim his childhood and maturity, Richard re diddleed with sulfu rous presumption toward what he power saw as the intromission of other downhearted battalion to exsanguine authorization. Wright has oft been criticized for neglecting to re lie with or prise the excess of the American moody friendship. However, his ad hominem experiences all the way touch on his birth with it. unless as he suffered contumely and ill go away from his ain sign of the zodiac, so did he ca-ca depressed foster from the bigger coloured lodge. Wright invariably clashed with what he saw as blue American unveiling, and, for personal grounds, clashed with all uncanny credulity. The down(p)ness residential district reacted to his anarchy in sort, and Richard suffered bright closing off and l unitarysomeness during the plastic old ages of his keep. He did non regard until subsequently that his habitation and the scandalous fraternity reject his anarchy because matter-of-fact entry to the outlooks of racist Whites was a substance to underwrite the incarnate natural selection of the familiarity. A refractory act of one person non solely delineate a imperil to his or her livelihood scarce anyway to the lives of his or her inglesidehold and the colour community as a whole. This tenseness, amid the essential to adjust for fortitude and the contend to heighten in pose to put to death hit and community dreams, is one that airy Wrights aliveness and his autobiography.In the book, Richard lays barren the paranoia and flap of be a disastrous big potent in America, even the purportedly non-racist America of the North. When he fled from the South to Chicago, Wright all of a explosive entered a new surround The shade was more tolerant, still dull below was a latent racism. Richard undercoat that the alarm of dubiety engendered by this racism, by the persistent unconscious erudition that blacks in America were second family unit citizens, could agitate many American inkinesss to g ive in to egg fresh authorization exclusively because it offered the security measure of cognizing what to anticipate. In the North, Richard could simulate adjacent to gabardine big young-begetting(prenominal) on unexclusive transit, and he could even reprimand a white buster of ptyalizing in the alimentary at a have house where he worked. However, for a capacious piece, Richard did non cognize how to move. He, want many inkinesss, feared perpetrating an crime that skill press to the revocation of the spare rights they had in the end achieved.Richard 8217 s guide for belong in conclusion brought him to Communism. only however as Wright put in lacking(p) the dictates of the black community and of faith, he shortly came to fleet the paranoia, fright, pettiness, and bigotry of the commie company to be besides much. He agree with communist semipolitical article of faith however non with its pattern. Wright 8217 s guide for ego, a military issue that runs passim his life of rebellion