Using Gothic Characteristics to Portray the Theme of Knowledge Essay

Using Gothic Characteristics to Portray the Theme of Knowledge in American Gargoyles, Johnny Mnemonic, Frankenstein, keen Country People, and Cyberpunk Gothic literature has been interpreted, and even criticized by many people as just being scary stories. They feel the authors only dissolve for using gloomy settings and grotesque characters is to horrify the reader. This however is rarely true of Gothic literature, instead an author will use these characteristics to portray a deeper solve rather than to just scare the reader. This is true of in all genres of gothic literature including classical, southern, and cyber literature. One theme that has been prevalent throughout gothic history is that of knowledge. Several authors switch used gothic tendencies to convey the idea that too much knowledge can be dangerous. They use these characteristics to warn the reader that knowledge is not unceasingly good. Classical gothic literature, developed in the late eighteenth century, was m ost likely first concepted by Horace Walpoles The Castle of Otranto. Dark, dreary settings and frightening monsters often restrict the style of this category of literature. Mary Shelley, a classical gothic writer, has used these characteristics in her novel Frankenstein. In her novel Victor Frankenstein composes a creature that has all the potentialities of a child because it knows nothing. But this creature is far from looking anything like a child. The monster, created from different body parts, is grotesque, he has yellow skin that barely covers his muscles, dour black hair and is very large. However, just as a child, he begins to learn, through experiences and especially by reading several books. This new knowledge he has learned has a harmful ... ... situations to warn or horrify the reader about a deeper theme. The terror felt by the reader as he/she reads the story mimics the terror another character is feeling in dealing with this hidden theme. Authors often use these tend encies to portray their ideas on current social conditions in order to warn the reader. Works Cited Bloom, Harold. Flannery OConnor. revolutionary York Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Di Renzo, Anthony. American Gargoyles. Carbondale Southern Illinois University Press, 1993. Gibson, William. Johnny Mnemonic. 5 April 2000 . Levine, George. The Endurance of Frankenstein. Los Angeles University of California Press, 1979. OConnor, Flannery. Good Country People. 5 Apr. 2000 . Shelly, Mary. Frankenstein. New York Dover Publications, Inc, 1994. The Cyberpunk Project. Christian Kirtchev. 3 Apr. 2000. 10 Apr. 2000 .

Catcher In The Rye :: Essays Papers

Catcher In The RyeOh literature, oh the glorious Art, how it preys upon the marrow in our bones. It scoops the salad dressing out of us and chucks us aside (David Herbert Lawrence). Well-written expires of literature have the undeniable ability to kidnap readers, carry them away into the storys notional world, and hold the reader for ransom, away from a world where they may not be anticipating the return. This type of literary escape is scarce in todays fast-paced society. One is submitted into a fantasy, in which opinions and ideas about the characters and situations expand beyond all possibilities. Literature acts as a valuable aid for self-growth it nourishes intellect, cheers one up, or relaxes mind and spirit. Nikki Giovanni asks the question, ever been kidnaped/by a poet (Giovanni 346). If one has not yet been enriched by this feeling, the mystery must be unveiled. To say that I have go through this feeling from only one piece of literature would prove a great inju stice to my literary history. There have been countless moments in my disembodied spirit where I have left time and place to enter a world created by the author, but perfected by my own interpretations and impressions. The literary work that stands out most my mind is The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger. This is one of the most absorbing novels I had the privilege to read. The plot of this story concerns a young man, Holden Caulfield, being expelled from one of a long list of schools. The intriguing part of this story is how he perceives and understands his own human condition. He experiences unexplained economic crisis and erratic behavior, which leads to an eventual nervous breakdown in a world he views as invaded by phony adults who corrupt innocent children. The title is reassert when Holden is talking to his little sister. She asks what he wants to be when he grows up. He asks her if shes ever heard the song If a tree trunk catch a body comin through the rye. H e continuesI keep picturing these little kids playing some game in this big field of rye and all. Thousands of little kids, and zips around-nobody big, I mean-except me. And Im standing on the edge of some crazy cliff.

Ray Kroc Essay -- Food Industry Fast Food Restaurants Essays

Ray Kroc&9They are everywhere From downtown Chicago to a rural town in Nebraska, fast-food restaurants have go a stylus a trademark of how Americans live today. Hurrying to make time for an afternoon appointment, a woman decides to make a short stop for lunch. Pulling her sports emolument vehicle up to the window, she speedily grabs a delicious meal for a small price. But where did the idea come from? In the small town of San Bernadino, California, during the fifties, a young man named Ray Kroc had an idea that would drastically revolutionize the food industry with the efficient use of a multimixer, new ideas, and incredible entrepreneurship, the McDonalds corporation began a remarkable empire in the American and worldwide fast-food industry.&9Ray Kroc began his working career the same as most others do by determination a solid job with a steady cash flow, and hope of promotion. Determined to find work for his future wifes hand in marriage, Ray quickly became a salesmen for a Li ly cup industry. Unfortunately for Ray, it didnt start off in the way that he thought it would. Struggling to support his wife and newborn queer under low pay, Ray would also play piano part time to earn extra money. While working for the chance of a promotion, he worked hard in his job going from place to place selling papercup products. It was in these early business days that Ray first showed a soft touch of his talent in economic ideas. He had an idea to modify a paper cup in that it could be formed in a way which kept the cup more durable. The cups name was rightfully called the One in a Million, and the introduction of this new product took off like a atomic number 5 fire and boosted sales dramatically in a stagnant industry. The intelligent business decisions do by Ray were incredible. He advised the head of the alliance to raise the price of the new cup by two cents. Instead of selling at ten cents, the cup sold at twelve which made the boss an extra one hundred thousan d dollars. With this invention by Ray Kroc, new ideas were stimulated and more inventions were created. The invention of the multimixer, by Earl Prince, was a flipper spindled milkshake machine that Ray believed had tremendous potential.&9When Earl Prince found out about Ray Krocs business and selling tactics, he instantly proposed that Ray retract the Lily Tulip company and go into business with him. Ray would sell the... ... the demands of a changing society. Ray commented on all his success by saying, Everything seems to be coming up roses. Ill be able to tell you more Manana...Manana...(Kroc 207). &9At age fifty-two, Ray Kroc took an idea of the McDonalds brothers, and opened his first franchise. Within a decade he became a millionaire and his journey is a classic success story. Sadly, after thirty years of working for his own company, Ray died of heart failure on January 14, 1984. During 1983, the outline wide sales of over four thousand restaurants accumulated almost nine billion dollars in sales. And in December of that year Ray was saluted as one of fifty individuals who had made the greatest contribution to the American way of sustenance in the twentieth century. The West Coast Reviews of books writes, Few entrepreneurs can phone call to have actually changed the way we live, but Ray Kroc is one of them. His revolutions in food service automation, franchising, shared national training, and advertising have earned him a place beside the men who founded not merely businesses but entire new industries. Ray Krocs influential life not only provided work for millions, but changed the life of billions.

Autonomy and Political Responsibility after the Cold War Essay

Autonomy and Political Responsibility after the Cold War later World War II, Europe emerged as a continent torn amid ii very different political ideologies, Communism and Democracy. As the two major superpowers, the union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States, struggled to defend their respective governmental policies, the European Continent was caught in an inbuilt struggle to preserve the shore leave which had taken so long to achieve. During the Cold War, Eastern European nations struggled to achieve autonomy with the help of the Wests dedication to break the Soviet sphere of persuade. After the tumult of the USSR, the struggle for autonomy among nations shifted from an intense, in contendd, nationalistic struggle to break away from a superpower to a commitment of international bingle and cooperation as nations began to take good and political responsibility for their actions. The alliance formed between the US and USSR during the second world war was not st rong lavish to overcome the decades of uneasiness which existed between the two ideologically polar oppo situation countries. With their German enemy defeated, the two emerging nuclear superpowers no longer had whatsoever common ground on which to base a political, economical, or any other type of relationship. Tensions ran high as the USSR sought to expand Soviet influence throughout Europe succession the US and other westerly European nations made their opposition to such actions well known. The Eastern countries already under Soviet rule yearned for their independence, while the Western countries were willing to go to great lengths to limit Soviet expansion. Containment of world revolution became the watchword of American foreign policy throughout the 1950s a... ... and a special exhibit on the Internal Workings of the Soviet System. This site provides an accurate representation of the Soviet System during the Cold War as seen by the actual Soviet documents. Also, this site gives detailed information of pivitol moments during the Cold War era, such as the Cuban Missile Crisis. Berlin Wall gives a brief over-view of the Berlin Wall, its history and its fall. Provides many useful colligate to several other sites which offer a more in depth exploration of the circumstances surrounding the fall of the Berlin Wall. This is a vital link for gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the role of the seperation of East and West Germany and the Berlin Wall itself during the Cold War era. Crockatt, Richard. The fifty years war the United States and the Soviet Union in world politics, 1941-1991. London New York Routledge, 1995. Autonomy and Political Responsibility after the Cold War EssayAutonomy and Political Responsibility after the Cold WarAfter World War II, Europe emerged as a continent torn between two very different political ideologies, Communism and Democracy. As the two major superpowers, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics an d the United States, struggled to defend their respective governmental policies, the European Continent was caught in an intrinsic struggle to preserve the autonomy which had taken so long to achieve. During the Cold War, Eastern European nations struggled to achieve autonomy with the help of the Wests dedication to break the Soviet sphere of influence. After the disintegration of the USSR, the struggle for autonomy among nations shifted from an intense, inward, nationalistic struggle to break away from a superpower to a commitment of international unity and cooperation as nations began to take moral and political responsibility for their actions. The alliance formed between the US and USSR during the second world war was not strong enough to overcome the decades of uneasiness which existed between the two ideologically polar opposite countries. With their German enemy defeated, the two emerging nuclear superpowers no longer had any common ground on which to base a political, econom ical, or any other type of relationship. Tensions ran high as the USSR sought to expand Soviet influence throughout Europe while the US and other Western European nations made their opposition to such actions well known. The Eastern countries already under Soviet rule yearned for their independence, while the Western countries were willing to go to great lengths to limit Soviet expansion. Containment of world revolution became the watchword of American foreign policy throughout the 1950s a... ... and a special exhibit on the Internal Workings of the Soviet System. This site provides an accurate representation of the Soviet System during the Cold War as seen by the actual Soviet documents. Also, this site gives detailed information of pivitol moments during the Cold War era, such as the Cuban Missile Crisis. Berlin Wall gives a brief over-view of the Berlin Wall, its history and its fall. Provides many useful links to several other sites which offer a more in depth exploration of th e circumstances surrounding the fall of the Berlin Wall. This is a vital link for gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the role of the seperation of East and West Germany and the Berlin Wall itself during the Cold War era. Crockatt, Richard. The fifty years war the United States and the Soviet Union in world politics, 1941-1991. London New York Routledge, 1995.

Abortion Kills Unwanted Welfare Children :: abortion argumentative persuasive argument

Abortion Kills Unwanted Welf ar Children   Abortion is one of the intimately controversial issues around, and is an issue that will never be agreed upon.  By bringing morals into the doubtfulness of whether it should be legal to have abortions, this issue has been proud to a higher level.  By some people, it is no longer looked at as a question of choice but as a question of morality, and these concepts have led to a full-blown debate over something that really should not be questioned.         Every women in America has the right to decide what to do with their bodies.  No government or group of people should feel that they have the right to dictate to a person what path their lives should take.  People who say that they argon pro-life are in effect no more than anti-choice.  These pro-lifers want to put the life and future of a women into the hands of the government. Abortion, and the choice a women may make,  is a very private thing and should not be open to debate.  The question of morality should not even come into play when considering abortion, because in this sheath the question is not of morality but of choice and constitutionality.         The ninth amendment states The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retain by the people.  This in turn, is guaranteeing a women the right to have an abortion.  Pro-choice people say that abortion is the killing of a child, but pro-choice people do not consider the fetus a child.   A philosopher, Mary Anne Warren, proposed that consciousness, reasoning, self-motivated activity, and self awareness are factors that determine person-hood.         But, a misconception that held is that people who are pro-choice are actually pro-abortion.  Many people that support the right of a women to decide what to do with her own body may be personally against abortions.  But, that does not besotted that they think the government should be able to pass laws governing what females do with their bodies.  Pro-choice people simply believe that it is the right of a women to assess her mail and decide if a baby would be either beneficial or deleterious to her present life.

Culture Through Generations :: essays papers

Culture Through GenerationsThis essay will explain how I learned culture through and through generations of my family. The first thing I noticed when analyzing my map is that there has been considerable migration through generations of my family. My family came from Europe to Central the States , because they had made investments there which was their initial reason for leaving Spain. My parents generation left Central America for political reasons which lead them to financial disaster. Opportunity, can be said is the reason why generations of my families have lived in the Americas. Cultural values in my family are shut away rooted to those which exist in Spain. When they first came to the Americas , they moved to a very close nit European community. This is what set a precedent for cultural values and family through the passing down of European traditions from generation to generation. In the neighborhoods where my parents grew up it made a difference what your name was, so it was important to inter-marry between people of the equivalent class and on the same cultural level. This also meant that your surnames created support networks which created a financial backbone for the family .This in turn is lead to not what Id call a pre- arranged marriage but a suggestive marriage. That means your parents would suggest to you that a certain person from a certain family would be a suitable mate because of their family and background. This was common practice in my parents community. These kinds of marriages were accepted by previous generations because of a respect of your parents opinions, and because of the tight nit family structure. These traditions have been passed down pains generation to generation, with exception to the American generation of my family. This also meant my family had expectations of each succeeding generation.Every generation was insisted upon having a college degree, it was completely unacceptable to not have a college educat ion in my family. This particular culture and society was lived by two generations of my family. When communism came to power my parents needed to leave the country because all of their possessions were seized by the low-down rebellious communists. Communism was also not parents political affiliation so they chose to come to America for opportunity and freedom.

Corruption in India Essay

CORRUPTIONCorruption is defined as the misuse of any power of public significance for private gain. Corruption is not something new, as per Arthasastra of Kautilya ( around 3rd century B.C) Just as it is impossible not to taste the honey(or the poison) that finds itself at the tip of the tongue, so it is impossible for a government servant not to eat up, atleast, a bit of the kings revenue. Just as fish moving nether water cannot possibly be found out either as drinking or not drinking water, so government servants employed in the government pass cannot be found out (while) taking money( for themselves)Major Scams in IndiaYear1976 1981 1987 1987 1991 1991 1992 1992 1994 1995 1996 1996 1996 2000 2001 2002 2006 2009 2009 2010 2012ScamKUO OIL DEAL SCAM ANTHULAY TRUST (PAY OFF) HDW charge BOFORS SCAM TELGI SCAM JMM BRIBE SECURITY SCAM(HARSHAD MEHTA) INDIAN BANK RIP OFF SUGAR IMPORT BHANSALI SCAM FODDER SCAM HAWALA SCAM urea DEAL UTI SCAM MUTUAL FUND SCAM HOME TRADE SCAM IPO SCAM MAD HU KODA SCAM SATYAM SCAM THE 2G SCAM (MOTHER OF ALL SCAMS) char ALLOCATION SCAM TOTAL AMOUNTAmount (In crore)2.2 30 20 64 43000 0.3 4000 1300 650 1200 950 810 233 32 1350 600 61 4000 24000 1,76,000 1,85,591 4,43,894Effect Of Corruption On Poor Brought turn up By CMS-TIIWith special focus on BPL households 2008 survey shows the following results. About one third of the BPL families paid donation in the destruction one year for one or much of the eleven public services covered in the study. This shows that even the poorest of the poor are not spared in their targeted programs.The survey shows that about 3.4 % of people paid a bribe for a school education and 48% in the case of police service. 4% BPL households employ contacts for PDS ,school education & electricity as they could not pay the bribe. 2% of the people could not get the above services sine they could not pay the bribe or had no contacts.Effects Of Corruption On The PoorBREAK UP OF BRIBES PAID FOR 11 BASIS SERVICES IN MILLION operate covered Public distribution system Hospital School education (up to class XII) Electricity Water supply National rural employment stock-purchase warrant scheme Land record / registration Forest Housing Banking Police Total for 11 basic services of BPL families Total bribe paid in an year 450 870 120 1050 240 70 1240 240 1570 830 2150 8830Source TII-CMS India Corruption Study (2007)CPI Corruption Perceptions Index-2012 As per the data for the year 2000 , India was in the 69th rank with CPI bulls eye of 2.8.As per Ratan Tata Corruption has become worse after liberalizationPrior to 1991, corruption was in the form of granting licenses. Now, its replaced by the award of contracts and in changing the terms of contractual obligations.Source Transparency International 2012 CPI score.CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2012Source Transparency International 2012Corruption Stifles Economic approachAgents Role In the Licensing System Corruption leads in reduction inefficiency. Co rruption leads to wastage of public funds and Resources. Institutionalization of corruption. Most prevalent form of corruption in India. Eg Driving Licensing Process in most states. Willingness to pay bribes.Bounce back on the society.Source February 2, 2008-Economic & Political Weekly.What Is The Root Cause Of Corruption ?Traditional practise. government activity services being monopolistic in nature. overlook of trans-parency. Lack of efficient and review monitoring mechanism. Issues with electoral process (funding). Corporate politician nexus-(State Capture).Socio economic divide.Lack of effective grievance redressal system.Major Demands Of The Team Anna and KejriwalAll govt. servants under the jurisdiction (Including PM). Election and removal be independent of the govt. authorities. CBIs corruption investigating sanction shall be brought under the admin control. Investigation procedure shall be in tune with the criminal investigation procedures. Setting up of lokayuktas.Pro vision for the citizens charter.Effective grievances redressal forum. front Movements Against Corruption1974 Navnirman movement of Gujarat. Jayaprakash Narayans (JP) anti-corruption movement in Bihar of 1974-75 were both against corruption. Other movements Farmers movements. Dalit movement. Womens Movement. Environmental Movements. RTI Movement.India Against Corruption Movement -How it Differed ?Annas Image. Political Vacuum at its peak. Media coverage. In the first phase it seemed completely detached from existing political establishment. Second phase suggested a political alternative. Pan Indian image.ADVANTAGESGave a very severe dead line. Proposed several use lavish amendments. His is a political struggle backed by a moral struggle. Attracted the Youth. Advantages of formation of a political company Other parties tend to choose better candidates. Other parties tend to give more freedom to the lower level workers. Other parties tend to function more transparently. Could be a f ailure in election. But politically success.DISADVANTAGESLess features to prevent corruption prospectively. Based on the assumption that Lokpal go out be full of honest and efficient people.Lessons From Karnataka LokayuktaLessons learnt Lokpal should have the power of a criminal court. Selection of right candidate . Including PM ministers and MPs under the jurisdiction of the bill. Recommendations by Hegde Powers to weapon recommendations of the Lokpal should be the authority of Lokpal rather than the government. Lokpal to have a separate police force for investigation.Lokpal to have the administrative control over CBIs corruption investigation team. Making CVC answerable to Lokpal.WAYS TO PREVENT CORRUPTIONWe need a complete overhaul (holistic approach). Bottom up approach will not work (top officials are also corrupt).We need a top down approach (bring all levels of officers under the jurisdiction of Lokpal). Have faith in the citizens. Emphasis on decentralized the governance structures. Better salaries. Better discipline (accountability and other related aspects).Better recruitment process (importance of Attitude, Aptitude, Ethics). Better automation (Transparency and related aspects). Political will/commitment. Social norms/values should change. Electoral reforms.Question & Answer Session

Emotional Connection and Its Relation to Physical Intimacy or Sex Essay

Majority of women view familiar relationship with valued commitment. They do non allow themselves to be persuaded by their pardner who believes that cozy engagement is part of having a relationship. On the other hand, old-fashi adeptd and modern day women recognize the belief that internal relationship is much persistent within marriage keep. This could be true since emotions flow and desires could be much prevalent in the knowledgeable moments of married couples. However, this assumption set up be a predicament, finding that intimacy within marriage somehow unpredictably vanishes, and consequently unlit the once flak emotions.In western cultures and highly developed countries, it is publicly acknowledge and as a normal happening to observe teenagers already perk upually aware, accepting that having sexual relationship is a customary expression of love. In fact, sexual orientation is part of the educational curriculum, embarking on the sexual awareness of teenagers at th eir early age. However, sexual awareness does not pinpoint much the linkage of keeping a happy marriage which is seemingly less emphasized in the sex education, discussing the cultivation of sexual maturity.Either in marriage or in a platonic relationship, one of the important elements that should be present is delirious confederation. However, experts believe that the anchor to successful relationships within marriage lies on adding the aspect of emotions to forcible intimacy or sex. Coping or surviving an affair is determined by the sexual intimacy as partly the worked up means. Marriages come to an halt because one or two parties are not activatedly attached to each other. They do not see their pardner as a partner in life tho as a different individual which tends to be disused over time.This research paper will discuss and examine how relationship of couples is survived by several(prenominal) factors within their married life, relating how the effect of emotional conn ection to physical intimacy or sex is significant features. The review of several literatures and other information is the method used through and throughout the examinations and findings. Literature Review Overview In the fall in States, the common causes of divorce are found by experts to be purely emotional, rather than the usual unfaithfulness of a partner.Vis-avis infidelity is also causal to several emotional disturbances, like failure to achieve sexual satisfaction can be disappointing and whitethorn cause one party to look for some other sexual partner. The troublesome underpinning of failed emotional connection to a partner indeed runs a baggage of couples right through their married life. Emotional connection is truly crucial in every relationship, specifically marriage. This is why it is important for the couple to get to know each others emotions before deciding to exchange vows as the conterminous level of commitment.Emotions could be the result of openness accord ing to the individual liking or disliking that can be connected by simple understanding, agreement and range (Paulsen, 2008). Sadly, emotional connection gradually disappears as the married life of couples matures. The intimacy that is required to make their marriage strong is displaced on the side, as couples seem to seduce separate lives within the home slewting. When simple differences set in, their individual baggage comes in which initially ignite the unfulfilled emotions that cry out loud as a hostile ground of resentments.The conflict begins beyond disagreements and feeling of neglect, resulting to resolve at the option of divorce. Emotional connection is important in the survival of marriage, enabling couples to iron out differences and work out a solution without parting ways. The convergence of emotional attachment allows couples to make compromise in holy order to set aside the beliefs that separation would resolve the disagreements (Johnson, 2008). Thus, several fac tors must be established as the converging point of emotional connections.Importance of Emotional Intimacy in Marriage According to an article written by Shruti Paulsen (2008), creating emotional intimacy in marriage is vital to its survival and success. He likened married life to traveling on a ship with two pilots. At first, the two pilots know what direction to take as well as their destination. However, as the trip goes on, one of the pilots decides to shift the direction to the surprise of the other pilot. In a sense, this is what happens to marriage. In the first few years, the couple has a shared direction and goal.In order to establish emotional connection, it is important for couples to communicate with each others directions. Human culture has the notion that it is bad to be dependent and is a sign of weakness. The truth of the issue is that being emotionally connected with another individual is not. In fact, it provides some sense of security and safety. The basic tenet of the attachment theory is that being aside from another individual can be a traumatic experience (Johnson, 2008). On the other hand, the absence of emotional connection puts into jeopardy an individuals need for security.Without someone to be emotionally connected with, there is a reason for an individual to panic and become worried. Being emotionally disconnected can play a crucial role in married life as well as in the life of partners. It develops into mistrust of a collaborator of their partner (Johnson, 2008). Emotional connection paves the way for couples to develop a deeper understanding of themselves. Establishing intimacy requires sharing of feelings, thoughts, and beliefs. There are various factors that can affect the major power of couples to become emotionally connected to each other.Rearing of children and hectic schedule at work can contribute to the loss of emotional connection and intimacy. by from their failure to communicate with each other, there are other fa ctors that can also lead to emotional insecurity such as low self-esteem, childishness experiences, past rejections, and failed relationships. When emotional connection is deficient, marital problems can set in. One spouse views their problem differently than the others (Marriage Quest. Org, 2007). Treatment Issues Warning Signs of Marital ProblemsWhen emotional connection is lacking, marital issues can develop some vital signs of marital problems, such as (1) feelings of isolation (2) increase in arguments or negativity (3) lack of nitty-gritty (4) increase in anger, hostility, and/or sarcasm (5) avoidance of each other stonewalling (6) mistrust. Unfortunately, majority of couples do not possess communication, anger management, commitment, conflict resolution, and intimacy skills (Relationship Institute, 2004). According to Relationship Institute (2004), a study conducted by Dr. J.Gottman from the University of Washington has found the following quad Signs of Relationship Break down ? Criticism is more than a complain when a spouse finds fault in their partner and attacks the personality and character of the other. ? Contempt shows intention of a spouse to insult or psychologically abuse the other. ? Defensiveness shows unwillingness of a spouse to listen to what their partner wants to say out of fear of being attacked or hurt by the other person. ? stymie is for the spouse to completely ignore or make distance from the other.The Relationship Institute (2004) further cited that a similar study of Dr. Markman and Dr. Stanley from the University of Colorado has described the Four Indicators of Relationship Breakdown, as follows ? Increased negativity during interactions of couple shows increased complaining and criticism of each other. ? Invalidation of couple does not show each interest in understanding each others point of view. ? Negative Interpretation occurs when one spouse does or says something neutral or positive, but their partner perceives it as hostile or negative. ? Avoidance and withdrawal shows the disagreements.Lack of emotional connection can likewise lead to look for a interpose for the lost intimacy. The substitute can be sexual in nature, such as a sexual partner (infidelity), sex over the phone, pornography, nightlife related to sexual mingling, internet blogging, chronic masturbation, to name a few, or non-sexual in nature, like sports activities, gambling, shopping, pets, community activities, among others. Therapists view these conditions as a disease or addiction, in which sex therapy is suggested to determine the underlying problems (Marriage Quest. Org, 2007).Another potential problem that may arise as a result of the absence of emotional connection is emotional affairs. Having an emotional relationship with another individual is as dangerous as having a physical affair. In marriage where emotional connection is conspicuously absent, one of the spouses finds emotional intimacy through circle of friends. The spouse finds ease, safety and comfort in confiding with another individual, wherein the emotional bond between the couple can become blunt which may jeopardize the marital relationship (Wasson, 2007). Most spouses deny speculations that they are emotionally attached to their friend.In which case, the spouse do not earn an idea on what their intimacy with their friend or another person can do to his or her marriage life. While the attachment may not be obvious on the outside, there is however an underlying physical chemistry which can heighten the emotional bond between the individuals involved. The person with whom the spouse has an emotional intimacy with can either be an old friend or a co-worker. It can also involve an individual whom the spouse met through online chatting (Wasson, 2007). Eventually, this individual could transform as the spouses first source of emotional strength.As this develops, the spouse would slowly feel that the friend or co-worker understands them bet ter than their spouse. This would become a major marital problem because it would reach the point that the spouse would keep the conversation a secret to their partner. The spouse would then feel betrayed or deceived by their partner who would bring about a fracture or barrier in their marital relationship (Wasson, 2007). A authorized John Gottman who has been undergoing research for more than 18 years, revealed that there are four potential contributors to unhappy marriage namely defensiveness, criticism, contempt, and stonewalling.Divorce is a potential end result due to the couples lack of communication. It was found in a study involving 130 newlywed couples that (1) lack of emotional connection was lacking as reflected in the husbands rejection of the influence of his wife, (2) the negative feelings of the wife during conversations, (3) the failure of the husband to weaken the low-level negative effect of his wife, and (4) the absence of physiological soothing in the male (Lev ine et al, 2005).Studies nourish also revealed that the negativity of their wives has an adverse affect on the husband. This is evident when they withdraw from conversations raised by their wives. As a result, the relationship satisfaction of the wife declines. The couple then undergoes a negative cycle wherein a high decimal point of negativity from the wife leads to higher degree of withdrawal from the husband (Levine et al, 2005). Infidelity Having an emotional affair is also known as emotional infidelity.Although there is no physical component that might be involved, emotional infidelity is an act wherein a spouse invests love, time, and attention to another person other than their partner. Components of emotional intimacy are present such as sharing, understanding, companion, self-esteem, and close relationships. According to a 2003 study, 57% of women and 44% of husbands revealed that they were emotionally connected to another person without involving intercourse. The study also revealed that women are more prone to emotional infidelity than men (Piercy et al, 2005).Infidelity refers to the breach of a contract of sexual exclusivity between two individuals that is dating, being married, or committed to each other. Recent definitions have expanded to having sexual relationships with another individual aside from the partner. It may also involve cybersex, pornography, physical intimacy, or emotional attachment with another person which jeopardizes the primary relationship. Infidelity may also involve issues which are connected to time, energy, and resources in order to maintain the other relationship (Piercy et al, 2005).According to statistics compiled by the National perfume for Health Statistics from the 1980s to the early part of the 1990s, approximately a third of marriages end up as a failure in the first 5 years and about fifty percent to two-thirds results to divorce. Several studies reveal that a marriage which started with love, care, affectio n, sense of humor, commitment, and optimism usually results to satisfaction. This was reflected in a longitudinal study involving 95 newlywed couples who perceived that the marital bond between partners would stay married or divorced within the first five years of married life (Levine et al, 2005).Effects of Infidelity Emotional infidelity has a significant effect on the lives of couples and families. It transcends in the couple, family, as well as in the social earnings of the couple. Upon the discovery of the affair, the couple needs to make a decision whether to continue the relationship or part ways. To the offended spouse, they would become angry at their partner for betraying them. Eventually, they would lose their trust in their partner for their deception (Piercy et al, 2005).Aside from anger, the offender spouse may also become suspicious of their partner, having mistrust of the same cheat. They may continuously inquire about the whereabouts of their spouse. In return, the involved spouse may need to report about their activities and may be judged by their partner. Psychologically, emotional infidelity may lead to guilt feelings and loss of self-esteem. The involved spouse may develop the need to protect their partner from being hurt as a result of their deception. Consequently, this may hurt the couples chances of working on their relationship.They would develop fear of resolving some difficult issues as well as feeling grievous communicating with one another (Piercy et al, 2005). Infidelity may also bring about physical effects. The combined factors of stress, agitation, and exhaustion can result to health issues for both partners. Likewise, the involved spouse may place the primary relationship at risk with the threat of sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV and herpes. most STDs can be a lifelong suffering which could have a significant impact on the life of the couple and their families (Piercy et al, 2005).

Communication and the internet Essay

Many batch would say that the internet is the most important invention ever. The internet has changed the way many another(prenominal) people live. Decades ago, no one would k instantaneously that the internet even existed whereas nowadays every home has access to it. One of the main reasons internet was introduced was for communicating.There argon many different forms of communication online today that people in the past wouldnt have thought practicable. Many people will say attainment in communications is a blessing because it allows for us to connect with families and friends from afar, enables us to express ourselves in many ways, provides a medium for meeting new people with similar interests, and increases our productivity.The internet has transformed all forms of communication since the beginning of its existence.. The internet was first used by the U.S military for communications purposes. The internet, from the communication point of view, has brought on new developments and techniques to keep in touch not only for individuals, but for businesses as well.An example of how the internet has impacted communication would be an example of doctors now communicating through live video feeds via the internet with patients or other doctors to diagnose patients or to even guide and advise surgeons through complicated procedures. e-mail (electronic mail) was one of the biggest breakthroughs in communication when the internet was introduced.With email, it became possible to send messages and letters across the world in a matter of seconds to the recipients address. As technology improved, it became possible to attach documents, photographs and even sound clips or songs to emails which made mail by post redundant.

Wuthering Heights Movie and Book Comparison Paper

Each reader has conjured up their own special portrayal of the imagery and character evictions provided, with perpetuallyy scene of the dark, emotional novel inscribed In their brain. The very Idea of take oning to make a engage adaptation of the powerful scenery and copious descriptions seems unsettling. However, a brave British actress, director and screenplay writer, Andrea Arnold endeavored to play off this challenge In 2011 with her dramatic romance, wasting away Heights. According to IM Db. Err adaptation of this fritter away received a decent beat of praise and nominated for bronzy Horse at the Stockholm Film Festival and Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival (Andrea). I contend that Arnold effectively uses specific delineation techniques sequence maintaining important elements of the novel and decisively excluding others to portray the basic themes of the original masterpiece by Bronze. In the scene following paganly arrival at shrivel up Heights, the director em ploys a purposeful use of setting to express major themes of the novel.This scene addresses the first day Catherine and Heathenish spend a significant amount of time with each other. Catherine invites Heathenish on a horseback ride throughout the countryside. Catherine then proceeds to shorten Hateful up onto a giant rock, where they both lay, looking out on the vast rocky terrain. The setting used here by the director Is an open, broad and empty countryside that they ride across on horseback and then revel in its beauty later on the top of the rock. In Rampage, Bean and Johnnys book they state that an image readiness soothe us or repel us it might evoke our sympathies, trigger our fears (246). The imagery conveyed during this scene illustrates the importance of the effect of setting on the audience. The visualization revived by Arnold help to further our emotions about these characters, giving us a realization of their loneliness and separation from their environment. The audi ence can then realise with these forlorn characters while also recognizing the alluring beauty of their desolate surroundings. This setting portrays a sense of isolation and one of dazzling mystery both ever present themes throughout the novel and the movie.In the scene nearing and during Caterings death, Arnold effectively uses the camera angle and a contrasting tone to display the devastating effects of Catherine Catherine after he hears that she has fallen ill. When Heathenish arrives, the tension between the two crackles with anger and Jealousy, however after Heathenish threatens to storm off, Catherine begs him to stay and they mash. The angle used during their tight embrace of one a nonher focuses on Caterings hands, highlighting her wedding ring.The director uses this angle to show that although Catherine may be legally boundary to Edgar by her wedding ring, she is bound to Heathenish through applaud. The director also uses two very contrasting tones in this scene, one of reconciliation, et one of regret. The tone of reconciliation is portrayed when Heathenish and Catherine at last embrace, no longer relishing in their own pride, but openly expressing their cacoethes for one another. However, a tone of regret is conveyed as they realize the consequences of their choices to hook up with other people.This is especially evident in Heathenish, who, by his abandonment of Catherine has caused her to fall ill, and she dies in his arms after their embrace. The director chose to utilize these contrasting tones in this particular(prenominal) scene because it follows the main themes of the evolve the unbreakable love between Catherine and Heathenish but also the remorse felt for the effects of their actions. The closing scene of Withering Heights applies a significant use of symbolism and proper music. This scene shows a depressed Heathenish trudging out onto the foggy moors when a feather perfectly falls from a bird and drifts down from the sky.The symbo lism of feathers throughout the movie portrays the love between Heathenish and Catherine, evoking memories from their childhood when they would rub feathers on each others faces. The footing the director would have concluded with such homeboys would be to convey the fact that although Catherine has died, an undying love persists between her and Heathenish. This final scene also employs the use of music, which was not done in any other scene in the movie. The song, The Enemy by Uniform and Sons, plays in the background while Heathenish reflects upon a particular shop of him and Catherine lying in the mud wrestling.The director employed this song due to its powerful lyrics such as tell me not of heartbreak, it plagues my soul and bury me beside you, I have no hope, in solitude to reflect pond the main theme of a destructive, yet unchanging love. Mainly evident in its love triangle, significant places and death of Catherine, the movie remains true to the book in a number of ways. Thr oughout the book Catherine and Heathenish have this noticeably deeper lodge from the moment they meet.Even though their relationship is halted when Edgar marries Catherine, an ever- present sense of a strong love between the two remains. The movie excellently portrays this love triangle when Catherine confesses her deeper love for Heathenish although she knows she will end up marrying Edgar. The submit, like the novel, displays their love as still remaining strong to keep the interest and hope of the audience that Catherine and Heathenish will one day be together. The movie also places emphasis on the two significant houses Withering Heights and Treacherous Grange.In the novel and the film Withering Heights, where Heathenish and Catherine grow up represents passion, emotions and instability whereas Treacherous Grange, where Linton resides symbolizes stability and peacefulness. Their depictions emphasize their representations, with Withering Heights shown as dirty, rugged, dark an d mysterious ND alter with elegant furniture. Arnold accentuated the significance of each place like the book because it represents one of the main themes of the passion and strength of Heathenish and Catherine in Withering Heights and the passivity of Edgar in Treacherous Grange.The movie also shows a significant event, Caterings death, happen in the same way as it did in the book. In both stories, Catherine dies while in an embrace with Heathenish. The reasoning for the director maintaining the way she died would be to highlight the overall significance of Heathenish and Caterings allegations, and the suffering it brought to Catherine, both consistent themes throughout the novel. age one could easily count a host of minor differences between the book and the film adaptation, the complete lack of the second half of the novel separates the film from its book.While the first half the novel focuses on Catherine, Heathenish and Edgar, after Caterings death Bronze shifts the interest of the book upon their children, recognized as younger Catherine, Hearten and Linton. The film adaptation, however, does not even address this second generation of characters or their legislations. While at first this may seem like an ignorant choice, the decision to cut down on the first generation of characters by Arnold does serve to benefit the film by staying within a reasonable time frame while maintaining an holy depiction of the first generation.The film effectively utilizes the time allotted to a normal two hour movie. Without removing these secondary characters from the film adaptation, the movie would simply take too much time to watch. Hypothetically, if the director would have included these characters, the relationships and character oratorys would very likely remain flat or unsubstantial in an attempt to cram all the elements of the book into the movie.With an ample amount of significant characters in the novel, the censure of the second generation helps to depict t he first generation of characters more accurately, stress special aspects of their relationships in proper accordance with the book. The director of Withering Heights, Andrea Arnold highlights the main themes presented in the book by Emily Bronze by her cinematic techniques and her inclusion and exclusion of specific events and scenes. She effectively utilizes specific settings, angles, tones, symbolism and music to emphasize certain elements like the descriptions in the novel.

Saint Telemachus

The Ro humans Catholic faith is atomic number 53 of the religions that believe in kills and saints and honored their lives because of the sacrifices that they have make in the name of fighting for their religion and in the name of preaching the values and morals that the Roman Catholic faith is teaching and preaching to everyone. How these diseased persons and saints lived was roughly similar a moment of recognition of the presence of God in their lives, the emotional state of prayer and devotion to the faith, the episode of their life wherein they become the tool or vessel of God for an important mission before they die.While their lives seem to follow a certain pattern, their death is roughlywhat not al airs the same. on that point are those who die peacefully in their sleep or because of old age, and there are those who die a cutthroat death in depend of an angry crowd. Jesus Christ, the son of God and one of the three personas of the Roman Catholic God, in life mortal c haritable form, died a very violent and brutal death.So did another(prenominal) saints, martyrizes and other individuals who are con gradientred faithful to the Roman Catholic faith especially during its early stage and during the time the religions main enemies are persecution of the faith and the presence of a set of social norm that strongly go against the paradigm of the Roman Catholic faith, The setting of the arena at the time of St. Telemachus life, whose death, like Jesus Christ and the other saints, were violent and brutal, and became a source of an important catalyst in the social landscape internal Rome. This paper entrust discuss the life of St. Telemachus and the epoch-making aspects related to to St.Telemachus that will help establish St. Telemachus as one of the important and noteworthy saint and martyr whose contributions were very realistic and practical and transcended the basic act of apparitional theoretical teaching and self little public service. ABOUT SAINT TELEMACHUS beau ideal Telemachus was known by different other possible names, including Saint Tilemahos as healthful as Almachus, whose birth is remains unknown. He was a monk who was believed to be the one who influenced the policy about gladiatorial fights afterward his very popular but seriously challenged stratum about correspondping the fighting gladiators that resulted to his death.His proclamation as a martyr and the stopping of the entertainment of the crowd for armed combats which is usually a fight to the death to which spectators gamble. St. Telemachus was mentioned in some different literary forms by authors from different places. lower-ranking is known about St. Telemachus, and because of this, many theological experts, historians, as tumesce(p) as critics and analysts, challenge the veracity and truthfulness in the story about Telemachus. The usual footstep and outline of the available St.Telemachus story from his journey to Rome, his en establish in the arena, his stoppage of the fight, his death and martyrdom, runs something like this The emperor Honorius first prohibited gladiatorial shows at Rome, on occassion of the death of St. Telemachus, who coming thither from the East, during the exhibition of these spectacles, went down into the arena, and exerted himself to prevent the gladiators from continuing the sport . THE STORIES SURROUNDING THE DEATH OF SAINT TELEMACHUS There were many editions of how exactly St. Telemachus died after he supposedly stopped a fight between two gladiators inside a Roman fighting arena during the height of the fad of this contingent type of death match entertainment. Authors like Alban Burns explained that there were two versions believed by the Catholic faithful about how St. Telemachus died. The first version is the death of St. Telemachus from the stone he got from the audience who were infuriated by his mediation and intervention that spoiled the excitement of the put to death that was a lready progressing by the time he arrived and tried to stop the fight. Another version pointed the death of St.Telemachus towards the actions of the city prefect, who, like the audience, give St. Telemachus action inside the arena not agreeable to his preferences and interests. Because of that, the prefect of the city ordained the gladiators (whether the ones who were fighting or those on standby inside the arena is not exactly ascertained by Butler and Burns) to kill him, who supposedly said before dying that now is the octave day of the Lord, cease from the superstitions of idols and from polluted sacrifice . This act cost his life, but in return earned him the stature of a martyr in the annals of the Roman Catholic faith.THE IMPORTANCE OF SAINT TELEMACHUS Despite the fact that St. Telemachus is not a very popular name or saint among many Roman Catholics compared to other popular saints and martyrs (largely because of the fact that very little was scripted or known about St. T elemachus besides his action inside the Roman gladiatorial arena compared to other saints and martyrs whose life and counterfeits are wellhead written, well documented and well publicized), there are those, especially the devout and the learned religious faithful who does not forget the place of St. Telemachus not on the button in the religious aspect of the understanding of his life and the significance of his contribution, but as well as historically as a person who in one particular time, in the history of the Roman Catholic faith and faithful, made his mark and contribution in the effort of the religion to sustain the values and moral preached by Roman Catholic faith. St. Telemachus is nonetheless considered and appraised with the same fervor as with the other saints and martyrs, especially when discussed on base his contemporaries and those whose life and location was never far before or after him.For almost four hundred years the martyrs of the Church met here, beginning with St. Ignatius and completion with St. Telemachus who, dying, implored the mob In the name of Christ, forbear. They loved and growed enough to finally change the mind of Rome . ST. TELEMACHUS AND THE IMPACT ON LITERARY WRITING St. Telemachus was indeed an uptake not just to the traditional and conventional religious individuals but to literary artists as well. The life and tragedy of St. Telemachus perhaps was a source of transport for Sir Alfred Tennyson when he wrote the poem featuring this particular saint, a poem which was another solid contribution and attention deficit disorderition to the long list of literature of the same genre, but unlike some of the works which is very puritan and hard line in the messages that it wishes to throw across the audience, St. Telemachus and the poem dedicated to him somehow managed to break off from the general twist a bit. Tennysons St. Telemachus, who accepts martyrdom in the Colosseum as he repeats to himself the call of god s a notable exception to this secularized application (Jeffrey, p 816). ANALYSING ST. TELEMACHUS LIFE finished LITERARY REFERENCES It is genuinely hard to ascertain why St. Telemachus did what he did. But a very good source of information is the analysis of the critics about St. Telemachus and the parallelisms that he and his life shares with other characters in real life and fictional stories that talk about the boldness and honor in the act of sacrifice as the climactic event in a life that is dictated by a life in solitude and constant communing with God and nature and heightened by the imprint of a mission from a vision, which, in St. Telemachus case led him towards westward from his Asian point of origin towards Rome. In reading how he is appraised and put side by side with other characters to which he seemed to share a particular likeness or similarity, the individual looking for a deeper understanding about the spirit of St. Telemachus will be given a chance to expand his or her knowledge about St. Telemachus.Several other poems in the collection share significant thematic elements with The Death of CEnone. St. Telemachus, for example, immediately follows The Death of CEnone and similarly depicts a hermit living alone in a cave, muttering Vicisti Galilae, as in Swinburnes Hymn to Proserpine . This particular side by side analysis of equally significant literary materials and notable characters somewhat provides an individual an idea about how St. Telemachus lived his life and the level of significance he bears, as a person and as a central character in a literary material that is written by one of the most notable and popular poet that ever lived. Like CEnone, Telemachus is drawn out of his cave by the vision of a burning image, in this case the sun, and he leaves the cave to commit an act that will bring his life to a close. Telemachus travels to Rome to attempt to put a stop to the deaths of gladiators in public spectacles . ST. TELEMACHUS AND HIS CONTRIBUTION TO THE IDEA OF HUMAN RIGHTS St. Telemachus can be considered as one of the earliest examples of advocates for human rights.He was unless batting for human rights during his interference midway in the game and the plea to stop because he believes that killing each other is not morally right. He was not a governmental pawn that was sent to create a situation that is profitable or favorable for a particular group or individual. All that was self-evident was that the prospect of what he planned to do will no doubt put his life in peril since he was set to do an action that will put him in cross current with the existing social expend, like the gladiatorial fights.But he did it, and it cost him his life as well as a posthumous recognition, as well as an action that was inspired by his own initial move to stop gladiatorial fight. though he is killed in his attempt, his act draws the attention of the Emperor Honorius, who thereby prohibits much(prenominal) combats in the future . The claim that gladiatorial fights were indeed ordered stopped after the reported murder of St. Telemachus was supported by many other different literary sources explaining the same repercussion of St. Telemachus action as the springboard towards the stoppage of such kinds of fights. Never again after St. Telemachus implored them in the name of Christ to cease did gladiatorial fights take place in the Colosseum. A proof that St. Telemachus led a life that exemplifies the passion for a humanitarian cause and to improve the situation of human rights crisis during his time is the fact that some observers describe St.Telemachus as a martyr who died for the cause of humanity, the only monk who died a martyr in the cause of humanity . ISSUES ON THE STORY OF ST. TELEMACHUS Besides the presence of many different version of the story of St. Telemachus, particularly the story of his death as was discussed earlier in the paper, there are also other significant issues that are invol ved everytime critics and analysts try to ascertain the veracity of the information available and surrounding St. Telemachus life and death. What is not clear, however, is the extent of the political impact of the death of St. Telemachus which was enough and sufficient to actually order the stoppage of such practice.Bear in mind that St. Telemachus was an ascetic he was not well connected, politically and his death is not important inside the political circles of the Roman legislative body his death was of no serious repercussions, meaning the death of St. Telemachus was far from being akin to political killings or assassination that discover politics and social order. Bear in mind also that gladiatorial fights inside the Roman Colosseum and arenas are a long standing traditional practice that seemed to be not that easy to demolish, especially since many individuals depend their lives on the regular undertaking of this fights, including the fighters themselves as well as the slave traders, merchants, gamblers and many other different individuals.Because of this, it is really very difficult to really understand how it happened that the death of an unknown hermit who is not a native of Rome managed to result in such impact like the stoppage of the gladiatorial fights. And because of this vague, gray part in the history and story of St. Telemachus that begs for more explanation and proof, it is not surprising that many individuals find it difficult to believe in the veracity of the story. McCabe provided a very insightful input in the discussion of the possibility that St.Telemachus indeed put a stop to the gladiatorial fights and how this may not be socially and realistically possible. McCabe discussed in his book that the gladiatorial fights nonetheless persisted long after Telemachus was dead, and that this particular bloodsport featuring man versus beast and man versus man is an important institution in the Roman entertainment that it cannot just be stopped in one fell swoop, just because one person said so by act of intervention and mediation in an actual fight. There are socio-political as well as socio-economical implications that make the story of St.Telemachus very weak and the fact that it is poorly supported in literature by actual real information makes it less and less credible. And it is historically false that the games were suppressed in 404 though even this is ninety years after the bishops began to have influence over the emperors . Some of those who are also very critical about their assessment of what qualify as martyrdom and what is not a considerable act or life of martyrdom questions the martyrdom of several different saints and martyrs, and St. Telemachus has not escaped the comments.Those who dissect the understanding of sainthood and martyrdom in a very puritan and very skeptical and crucial way questions the panache by which martyrs and saints like St. Telemachus was proclaimed martyrs in the first place, incl uding in the assessment the understanding of unselfishness as well as sacrifice and what really constitutes as real acts of selflessness and sacrifice that is considered as sufficient and legitimate to make the individual a saint or a martyr in the Roman Catholic faith. It is likely enough also that martyrs to charity men like St. Telemachus and St. Philip of Moscow, Abp.Affre and Bp. Patteson have their portion with the perfect martyrs to faith in some cases, as in the last, it is hard to draw a line between the two any way, those who suffer for righteousness sake suffer for Christ but to suffer for consciences sake, however noble, is not necessarily quite the same thing and it is hardly right to claim the name of martyr for the victims certainly not for the victims on one side only in the fratricidal contests of Christians . But even this kind of assessment or criticism does not provide enough ground to challenge the be of the martyrdom of St. Telemachus. Even with the surf acing of this particular criticism, those who believe in him seem to feel that their faith in the saint did not diminish, especially since the presence of the criticism is not credible or strong enough to push for the review or even the relinquishing of the martyrdom of St. Telemachus.A very difficult problem that needs to be addressed when it comes to establishing the veracity of St. Telemachus as a person, as well as his martyrdom and sainthood is the fact that those who would really want to believe in St. Telemachus finds it odd that there is no cathedral, church or chapel as well as shrines and even statues of St. Telemachus found in popular as well as small religious establishments for the Roman catholic faith. This is odd because Roman Catholicism is one of the religions that is characterized by the penchant of its religious leaders as well as religious followers to create stone, wood, glass or steel statues of Jesus, Mary, the Holy Spirit, as well as the saints and the angel s and other holy individuals who are related to the Roman Catholic faith.If this was the practice of this religion, then why one of their Roman civilization-era saints was not featured in any tangible, three dimensional sculpture at least placed in at least one of the lowliest and smallest church in the world? If this is true, then this affects in a negative way the manner by which St. Telemachus is being seen and appreciated as a real martyr and saint in the Roman Catholic domain. I wish to believe in the story of St. Telemachus. Yet no church has been dedicated, no altar has been erected for St. Telemachus.There are critics, historians and analysts who downplay the storyline of St. Telemachus, dismissing it as no more than a work of imagination or fiction and pointing that the socio-political aspects of the time, as well as supporting information (or lack of) makes the idea about St. Telemachus untrue and grossly in consistent of the adpressed possible facts that might have real ly happened. Add to the fact that consistent to the question of fratricide among the Christian brothers belonging to the same religious affiliation, making the story of St. Telemachus close to being fabricated for PR purposes it the fact that St. Telemachus would have surely died in the hands of the same Christian crowd. This scenario seem like it cannot stand well on the moral and values of Christianity that St. Telemachus was though to have been preaching. On the other hand, the claim that Christianity redeemed the Romans of their callousness by suppressing the gladiatorial games is a piece of rhetorical deceit. It is chiefly based upon a pretty story of a monk, Telemachus, throwing himself into the arena at Rome in protest.Those who repeat the story do not add that the monk is supposed to have been killed by the Christian mob, but the story is worthless . McCabe went to the great extent of challenging the notion of reality of the story of Saint Telemachus and the veracity of the true Telemachus as a person and as a martyr by providing an important point. The name of St. Telemachus, according to McCabe apparently is not found in the list of martyrs that are officially recognized by the church. There is no St. Telemachus in Roman lists of martyrs . CONCLUSION. Whether St. Telemachus and the story of his martyrdom is real or merely fabricated by historians who seek to improve the list Roman Catholic devout and faithful throughout the history by creating a person who will symbolize the stand of the Roman Catholic faith against one of the barbaric past times and forms of leisure in the history of mankind, it cannot be denied that St. Telemachus and his life was an inspiration to some people. It maybe true, it maybe untrue, it may even be a story that is a combination of both, but the important thing is that St. Telemachus was capable of symbolise the ability of the human individual for sacrifice and act of faith even at the cost of his life. Religious faith, a fter all, is all about the ability for selfless and unquestioning faith. If St. Telemachus can help them achieve this state, then he will no doubt be an important personality in the Roman Catholic history, unless of course, a very competitive and authoritative work can actually challenge St. Telemachus life and prove that none of the stories surrounding him were true, real or consistent with facts that should be proven and authenticated.Until that time, the religious can rest their faith on the martyrs and the saints, including St. Telemachus. Even if St. Telemachus was criticized by some, there are those who feel that St. Telemachus should also be interpreted highly and accorded their necessary fervor, an example of which is how Charles Kingsley referenced St. Telemachus in Hypatia, where he wrote Take care, sir, of your words. You revile the blessed martyrs, from St. Stephen to St. Telemachus, when you call such a deed foolish .

John Keats’ “On the Sonnet” and William Wordsworth “Convent’s narrow room” Essay

Two praises, On the Sonnet by John Keats and Nuns fret not at their convents narrow room by William Wordsworth, address the same subject, the restrictions of the sonnet. Despite the same subject matter, they approach these restrictions using different forms and imagery, and each has his own feel of the subject.Keats starts off his sonnet using an allusion from Greek mythology Andromeda, a princess chained to a rock and in danger of being devoured by a sea monster. This was his of import idea and criticism of the structure of the sonnetif poets are chained by the Shakespearean or Italian format, the sonnet will eventually lose its life-time and be devoured over time. He advises his fellow sonneteers to fit the naked foot of poesy, like us wearing shoes by breaking the calendar method of birth control and imposing creativity on the form, so the sonnet can endure. This is because it will stand out among mediocre sonnets. Keats other allusion is to King Midas and his gold he uses M idas to contain how miserly poets have to be with their words and not to use clichs, dead leaves in the bay-wreath crown. His last allusion is to the Muse-Greek goddess of art-to express the creativeness and freedom needed for the watcher of poetry.With the weight of too much liberty, poetry is as restrictive as ever, argues Wordsworth. If these restrictions are too much, do not write a sonnet because like poets who write a sonnet, nuns choose their convents, hermits their cells, maids their looms and bees their foxglove bells all make this choice willingly. This vivid imagery makes plain what writing a sonnet is all virtually a personal choice to chain ourselves because we enjoy it. It is sometimes better to play in a scanty plot of ground so run through the vast open fields and be lost and confused. The restrictions are what makes it more challenging and forces us to create something more beautiful than and prose. Wordsworth finds peace in a restrictive sonnet, like us when w e lock ourselves in our room to do the same.Each true to his word and ideas, the poets practice what they prophesy in their sonnets. Keats does not write his sonnet in any particular known form. It is broken into three parts ln 1-6 expressing what poetry is like ln 7-9what poets must wear attention to ln 10-14 what poets must avoid in writing. He follows what he says about if we must be constrained, that he wrote the poem in iambic pentameter. Wordsworth as well does what he says about writing true to the sonnets restrictions. His entire sonnet consists of only 4 rhymes, abba abba cddc cd, and the poem is also broken into three parts, ln 1-7 comparing the sonnet to other things in life, ln 8-9 his statement on the sonnet restrictions, and ln 9-14 why his statement is so.Neither seems to agree about the roles restrictions play in the sonnetKeats complains about them and tells us how to make the sonnet better, while Wordsworth is saying, take the challenge and enjoy doing it.

ICT Educational Tour Narrative Report Essay

Learning is not only gained in civilise but besides from the exposure outside the school premises, according to the turn committee on its rationale. Through this, they convince us to join the tour, The B.S. Information Technology Educational Tour 2013 in Manila. With the effort of everybody oddly the faculty it happened last December 2-5, 2013.The purpose of it is not just for self-satisfaction but for the improvement of ones mind in terms of encyclopedism companionship, actual experience both in IT and form good camaraderie between fourth and third year students. Furthermore, it let the students to have an actual reflexion on how the different technological industries operate.Topics LearnedAs we visited different industries, somehow we learned from them. Like in TOEI Animation and snip Edge Productions, they taught us stair by step processes on how to make an animation from lay outing to finishing .Although, theres no multimedia subject in our computer programme but atleas t they gave us an idea on how it works. In addition in UP-Diliman, we also benefited in the seminar in Android Apps, using Ubuntu an open source operate system and their students guided us to their different IT laboratories. Maam Christy told us the projects of their students focus in security problem to address, enterprise network and some training about AI or the Artificial Intelligence. Though, it is not already reach beyond my knowledge. Then on our third day, I learned from one of our tour how technology works in a factory. Imagine a fully automated and computer controlled manufacturing facility untouched by human hands.Industry VisitedOur initial destination is the Makati City Traffic Management System which is located at the Makati City Hall. This command control and communicationcenter was started in 2007.It is composed of 8 big and 48 small monitor screens that is open 24/7.They have installed CCTVs in different streets and vicinity along Makati. In addition, each camer a has a 30 times zooming capacity and can capture objects within 800 through this they can monitor accidents or the flow of traffic in Makati. Weve also tour around the Makati City Hall itself including the conference room, Mayors Office and session hall etc. afterwards this, we continued to Sir Boys Republic for our lunch.Exactly 231 pm, we are now in TOEI Animation located in Eastwood.They are behind the famous animes like adept Piece, Sailormoon, Digimon and etc This Company was started in 1986 and a 100% subsidiary Japan Animation and the archetypical 2D animation to use system. later on TOEI Animation, our next stop was the Cutting Edge Productions. Just like TOEI, it is also an Animation company. Some of their works are Dayo, shampoo commercials and etc.. Weve ended our day by eating our dinner at Star City.Eventually, after eating breakfast in Wendys, we proceeded to ABS-CBN for studio tour. The acronym stands for Auto Broadcasting Network-Chronicle Broadcasting Network, one of the largest TV stations in the country. Then once more eat our lunch at Sir Boys Republic. In the afternoon, we attended a seminar in UP-Diliman Campus. After that, we transferred to Engineering Building to make rounds. We had seen their highly modernise library and IT laboratories.On the third day of our tour, we dropped by at Somethin Fishy at Eastwood to take or breakfast. Then our instructors let us took a walk. After that, we continued to our next destination. The Gardenia Bakeries Phil which is located in Gardenia Centre, Star Avenue LIPP, Mamplasan Laguna. They gave us free sample of their products then we took our lunch in Tagaytay City. Then, we continued our tour to ravish Kingdom. There we enjoyed the different rides and returned to Hotel happy and satisfied.According to our tour guide cosmos a tourist in Metro Manila, we need to visit Intramuros so we dropped by and took a long walk. After this, we endedto University of Sto. Tomas which is located in Espaa.Then for the last time, we returned to Sir Boys for our lunch. As follows, we proceeded to MOA, owned by Henry Sy.Some of the students met their relatives while others bought Pasalubong and the loosening took window shopping. And the saddest part was to say goodbye and we continued to our last bus stop, the NAIA.Application on your CourseAfter the tour, I have acquired new realizations, knowledge that I may use in my course. I can apply that self-realization in my motivation to pursue my degree. Though I cant say that I can be an App developer or Animator someday but I was unable to realize the importance of technology, the possible wrinkles,the importance of being a skilled IT worker and many more. Therefore ,the educational tour is not only for the enhancement of theoretical learning but rather big(p) a student a complete idea of what the course may offer to his or her life and for the preparation in the future job.Personal nonplusMost of my start-off times happened during our to ur. It may be terrifying or death-defying experiences but I dont have any regrets in joining the said tour. Although my aunt wasted a huge amount of money just to send me to this tour. Its okay at least we learned, we experienced and feel motivated.Its my first time to ride in a plane. I feel a little bit of nervous at first because I have a fear in height but Im happy that Ive conquered my fear. Then after going moxie to Manila its a De javu feeling. I was there not for any reason but to enjoy all the proceedings and being a tourist. It is a privilege because all you have to do was to eat, listen, learn, observe, unwind and sleep. I have been there a long time ago but its my first time to go to ABS-CBN which is one of my dreams. Eversince, I have been an avid fan of Kapamilya Stars. Although I feel disappointed because I hadnt seen my favorite stars but knowing that they also reside there its a pleasure to me. The Eastwood City was also amazing because of its high structured buil dings, it is also considered as one of the demarcation center ofMetro Manila. Opportunities can be seen anywhere since that theres a lot of jobs.They say theres a lot of job but the question is the skills of applicants. Ive realized that in order to succeed you need to strive firm ,be patient and the close important is study hard to acquired proper skills that may use in the future. Next first time is going to Tagaytay City its a relaxing ambiance with cool weather. After that was the Enchanted Kingdom experience. The fun really never stops. Aside from bonding with my classmates and friend its a full package experience. The ride on place shuttle and Rio Grande was all my first time and according to Christian if he will be given a chance hell go tolerate there or shall I say we will if theres a chance. On our last day, the Intramuros and UST experiences are also amazing. Intramuros being one of the most important historical place and unique events in the country happened there. While UST is also nice because of its place which is awesome. Aside from the cute faces of their students, they are also pleasing and hospitable and they entertained and answered all our questions in mind.Im so blessed and thankful that I was able to join the tour. My deepest gratitude to the tour committee for their industry in asking for our balances and letting this to happened. And also to Sir Nemz, our tour guide for guiding us during the tour. Though, he is not a certified teacher but he is more than that. He told a lot of trivias, knowledge about the place and he made us laugh.

To find the best insulating material by measuring how quickly water cools

Theory My reason for choosing plastic and coconut tree as the trump insulator is because companys use plastic when producing things to contain screw up. An example of this is a kettle, which uses plastic to keep the incite in so that it does not escape. Plastic is also use on the handles of pots and pans, which deal with a lot of heat when cooking. Coconut is also a well behaved insulator because when you cut down a coconut from the do by tree there is a lot of liquid inside of it. This liquid is kept inside of with let on having the liquid evapora standg. When you combine the two together you get the best of both. You are also trapping denudate in between the two materials.There are also three ways heat disregard travel these as conduction, convection and radiation sickness.conductivity This is the process in which heat is transferred from molecule to molecule by vibrating into in all(prenominal) other hence passing the energy. All materials allow energy to pass through and through them by conduction. The contributionicles of a gas are parcel out out making them poor conductors of energy because they are so spread out.Convection If a temperature difference arises within a liquid or a gas, then fluid dubiousness forget almost certainly occur. This transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another.Radiation The process of transmittance waves or particles through space, or some medium or such waves or particles themselves. Waves and particles have some characteristics in common usually, however, the radiation is predominantly in one form or the other.Vari equals In this investigating there are many variables. I will have to do many things to ensure this is a fair investigation.1. I will change the water system each conviction I complete a set of results and use the same source of water.2. I will use the same copper scratch for all experiments.3. I will heat all water to 80C4. I will work in the same conditions each time.5. I will use the same amount of material each time6. I will use a lid of tin foil each time.7. The mug will have one layer of tin foil more or less it.8. The mug will be kept away from anything that may speed up the time it takes to coolSafety precautions To keep the experiment skillful I shall* deliver goggles at all times due to the danger of hot water* Wear a thick overall, which can be removed if any hot water is spilled.* Wear gloves to protect hands from being burnt.Equipment1 mug1 kettle1 thermometer1 heat mat1 water source1 of each material (5 in total)1 tin foil lidMethodIn the experiment, I am going to test 5 contrary materials in order to discover which is the best at insulating heat. We are to test the materials by wrapping them around a mug, which I will fill with 200ml of hot water at 80c and take the temperature either fleck for 10 minutes. This will enable me to see the temperature decline clearly. I will repeat this sequence 3 times for each material to make sure it is fair an d take a table of averages at the end. I will be using a thermometer to record the temperature, which is accurate to O.5c. The thermometer will be located through the tin foil lid.Preliminary Experiment This is the first of the series in which I used only the mug with a layer of tin foil around it. I used no lid so I could see the effects of convection and then decide on whether to use a lid in the real experiments using materials. In this we tried to use 300ml of water but launch it to be impractical so will use only 200ml for the final experiment. Trying to get water at any temperature higher than 80oc was a rush and mistakes can be made in a rush so we will use 80oc in the final experiment. We tried using a info logger with a heat probe and a thermometer.We discovered cooling was very quick in this way so we will use a lid in the final experiment. We found the selective information logger to be rather unreliable so will use the thermometer in the real experiment.Analysis.Graph s and tables on separate sheet.Conclusion The graph shows a trend with all the materials I have tested in that they all show negative correlation. As time goes on (as temperatures are displayed on the graph for every minute), the temperature of the water decreases. The graph shows the steady decline of temperature with the continuance of time over the ten minute testing time.The poorer insulating materials have steeper declines. The better insulating materials have less steep/ flatter declines. There is a graze between the temperatures of the water after the ten minute testing time of 4.5 oC between the best and wrap up insulating material.In the early stages of the graph, the points ( of temperatures vs. time ) are all fairlyclose together. With the further continuance of time, larger ranges of temperature occur on the graph as aspects such as conduction, convection and radiation play further part in the cooling process. It is these 3 factors which an insulating material must c ontend with to determine how good it is at insulating heat.Conduction is the most influential factor of this cooling investigation so the better insulating materials needed to be good at trapping air to insulate heat as air is a poor thermic conductor which explains why felt and coconut on plastic were better insulators than cotton for example because coconut on plastic and felt are both thick materials and made of matted fibres so were able to trap air and insulate the heat well. In theory, the wool should have been best at trim conduction as it is very thickand matted but it has square gaps between each marge ofwool where it has been sown together allowing heat to pass through.The poor insulating materials (Nylon and cotton) are very thin so uneffective to trap air hence being poor thermal insulating materials.The graph reflects the influence of conduction as the materials best at reducing it cooled slowest.Convection occurs through the sides of the mug but mainly through the t op of the mug. To check this I have used a tin foil lid. This makes it fajr for all testedmaterials as they all have convection reduced equally out of the top of the mugleaving the material to insulate the convection occurring through the sides.Radiation can be swallow uped or reflected by opaque surfaces and dull rough surfaces plunk more heat. This is much like the properties of coconut on plastic which is why it was good at insulating radiation because its outer plastic could absorb radiation and the dull and rough inside coconut could also absorb heat. This is another reason why it performed best.

The Arrival

English Speech The Arrival by Shaun burn mark is a graphic young which follows the story of a man who embarks on the journey of migration. The notions of belong that atomic number 18 highlighted in the text be be to a place and belonging to a family. The composer establishes these by dint of the virtuoso(prenominal) employment of various visual techniques. One of the foremost themes of the novel is the concept of belonging to a place, in particular the connection to a homeland. A disturbance in the main environment signifies as the bear on factor for the disruption of the mans sense of belonging.There exists an fragmented sense of existence in the old land, something that is established primarily by the ominous, malicious serpent like figures that force the mans departure and his search for a sweet carriage of life. Tans symbolic representation of the serpents as the threatening and severe influences in the early pages of the novel drives the man out of his homeland as it i s is a source of unease and discomfort for his family. Upon entering the unknown land the man feels alienated from the new way of life that he is faced with.The author highlights this through the use of various shades of gray-headed which are evidence of the shared melancholy of the migrants. Furthermore the positioning of all the migrants huddled up in concert reinforces the uplift and hardship that they have collectively encountered. The use of dark and malicious tones and the oershadowing images of the technologically averse boat that towers over the migrants furthers their insignificance and defencelessness. The commonality with fellow migrants is carried throughout the novel and it soon becomes a source of solace for the man who is differently alien to the new world.Tan uses flashback scenes to illustrate the mans opportunity to connect with his fellow migrants. Tan uses darker tones in the flashback scenes and the tumultuous journeys of the former(a) migrants are elicited. Our protagonist is able to relate to their troubled background and this allows the connection amid the two parties. The man is drawn into their stories and this is highlighted greatly through the change in tone to a grim, darken one which the reader appreciates to be both captivating and intriguing. Tan is thus able to illustrate to his audience, a true appreciation of belonging to a place and its connotations.In addition to this, belonging to a family is a hear concept in this novel. The novel opens with an alluring introduction to the family a blissful atmosphere is created through the beauteous icons of their family life. The composer uses small photograph like icons to allude towards the widely acknowledged gaiety that is readily associated with the memories in a picture album. Tan introduces the motif of the melodic theme crane which he carries through the length of his novel as a symbol of affection and belonging between the family members.The next pages signify the break in contentment as the man begins his journey and a salient image of the couple with their hands grasping the others parallels the anxiety and despair in their downcast facial expressions. Although the gloomy atmosphere, the light sepia tones in the picture allow an insight into the tender and loving relationship that the family members share. Upon the mans departure the paper crane motif returns and he hands it to his daughter as a token of his undying chicane for her.His migratory experience is studded by the comfort and ease that he obtains from a picture of his family. In paralleled scenes on the boat and the new apartment, the man is seen reminiscing his time with family. He dines with and converses with the picture, the repetition of which is significantly indicative of the pixilated sense of belonging he feels to them. In both scenes, the composer past zooms out to illustrate the mans isolation in the ostensibly large structure that he resides in and the reader can then tr uly appreciate his sense of solace in the people from the picture.Through the use of these various techniques the concept of belonging to family is emphasised. The Arrival can now be truly appreciated as a graphic novel with allusions to the intricate and complex nature of belonging. In particular belonging to a family and to a place was discussed directly and I hope I did justice to the carefully developed messages that Tan portrays. The Arrival by Shaun Tan is a graphic novel which follows the story of a man who embarks on the journey of migration. The notions of belonging that are highlighted in the text are belonging to a place and belonging to a family.The composer establishes these through the masterful employment of various visual techniques. One of the foremost themes of the novel is the concept of belonging to a place, in particular the connection to a homeland. A disturbance in the main environment signifies as the stimulating factor for the disruption of the mans sense of belonging. There exists an fragmented sense of existence in the old land, something that is established primarily by the ominous, malicious serpent like figures that force the mans departure and his search for a new way of life. Tans symbolic representation of the serpents as the threatening/menacing authoritarian influences in the early pages of the novel drives the man out of his homeland as it is is a source of unease and discomfort for his family Upon entering the unknown land the man feels alienated from the new way of life that he is faced with. The author highlights this through the use of various shades of grey which are evidence of the shared melancholy of the migrants. Furthermore the positioning of all the migrants huddled up together reinforces the turmoil and hardship that they have collectively encountered.

Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow: Hope and Dreams in a Bi-Cultural Identity

The dilemma of having a bi- pagan identity operator has oftentimes been neglected as immigrants voices have often occupied a marginalized position in mainstream media and literary productions that mirrors their position at the margins of society. In Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow, author Faiza Guene gives voice to Arab-French immigrants through the character of Doria and allows her readers a glimpse of Parisian life as stacked from the perspective of someone who desperately wants to be a part of it but is unplowed an outsider by her ethnicity.More importantly, Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow non only illuminates the hardship confronting the children of immigrants as they are caught in surrounded by cultures that often clash with each other but also the hope and dreams of amend lives that individuals coping with bi-cultural identities upbringing in order to survive, often taking and using the best from both worlds available to them as an devotion to dream of better things.Dorias story shows the pa inful experience of growing up in-between cultures as a Moroccan living in the projects of Paris and her struggle to cope with societal and cultural expectations as well as with marginalization. Born and raised in poverty by an immigrant Moroccan family, Doria has to contend with a variety of issues that mirror the problems faced by immigrants everywhere. She shamelessly reveals her insolence about having to depend on aliment stamps and cheap housing from the French government although her mother already works long hours to earn a living.As a consequence of her difficulty with fitting into the mainstream French culture, Doria suffers from problems at school and withdraws from others in her immediate environment. kinda she feels most close to Hamoudi, a neighbor and drug dealer, who has known her since she was little and whom, perhaps in her view, she shares a commonality as a social outcast.Although she is regularly visited by a social worker to care her handle her problems, she develops feelings of resentment for social workers and psychologists whom she thinks are insincere in their efforts to help them. This stems from her opinion that these people cannot actually empathize with the immigrants problems given the privileged position accorded to them by their pure French identities. Another source of bitterness for Doria is her gender, which she thinks is the reason why her father left her and her mother since the Moroccan culture places a premium on having a son.It is therefore not hard to imagine the roots of Dorias hostility towards the world. Doria is doubly stigmatized by her ethnic identity as an Arab and by the impoverished condition of her family. For instance, she pities her illiterate mother whose accent is unendingly being made fun of, a reflection of how the mainstream culture tends to look down on cultural minorities such as Arabs and on other cultures in general.On the other hand, Doria is depressed by the fact that the commodity Parisian life remains distant to her and her mother as illustrated by their inability to see the Eiffel hover despite its proximity to their home, or by the fact that they cannot afford a real Levis jeans distant her classmates. As such, Doria resorts to imagination, sarcasm, and even feigning autism to ease her feelings of alienation from affluent Parisian lifestyles.It is clear, though, that Doria has absorbed the value formation of Parisian culture. In one of her accounts, for instance, she makes the observation that waxing hurts, and if you hurt somebody it shows a lack of respect, a comment that shows her knowledge of French womens beauty regimen. She also sees the television as the poor realitys Koran, and even bases her fantasies and imaginings on the realities depicted in the television.At the same time, she invents a dream life base on both her Morrocan and French value systems to draw the Parisian life as she perceives it to be in her attempt to bridge the gap between her dre am and current reality. It is these dreams of leaving the projects and building a better life for herself and her mother that sustains Doria although she is painfully aware that for people like her these may remain out of reach.Thus, infra her pessimistic and sarcastic tone, and even the vengeful characteristic of her imaginings, Doria desperately wants to overcome her bitterness towards her circumstances with her mention of her difficulties as experiences to learn from. She is therefore brought to tears when Hamoudi states the phrase Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow as it represents a hopeful view that things are always getting better.Towards the end of the story Doria and her mothers situation do not necessarily change for the better or even change at all, but this is exactly what Dorias story aims to point out to its readers, that despite the hardships and the seeming inability of people like them to rise up from their marginal position, they will always draw hope from knowing that tomorro w things will not be the same and there will be better times ahead of them.

Slasher Films in the Pakistani Cinema

Pakistan is a development country that has been struggling for decades in its hu art object beingy eras, ranging from business to the cinema. Despite the tussle, it has managed to develop its read and television intentness rapidly. Lollywood is a term that was coined back in the day to glamorously describe the cinema socialization of Pakistan. Though, as we any know, in comparison to Bollywood and Hollywood, Lollywood, in majority has non been much popular. Nevertheless, upon profoundly observing the television manufacture of Pakistan, maven learns that it is much more refined and efficacious in contrast to the film sector.Particularly, in the attest clips, the drama or television industry, as you may call it, is flourishing not just topically notwithstanding all around the globe, reaching push through to umteen Pakistanis and providing them with twenty four hours of fruitful entertainment. Pakistani Cinema has touched upon a variety of genres which predominantly revo lve around documentaries, dramas, thrillers, offense, romance and action. This paper will, however, key and deliberate upon a subgenre of horror films slasher films in Pakistan.A slasher film is preeminently defined as a horror film which involves the use of an unearthly weapon such as an axe by a psychopathic slaughterer who chief(prenominal)ly pertains to aggressively slaying a number of victims. These movies follow specific cinematic techniques whither close-ups and additional effects atomic number 18 used in a variety of ways, primarily representing women as fetch upual objects. The capr internal-combustion engine of showing the final examination Girl rescuing herself is the foremost ideology a slasher film ordinarily focuses on.Over the years, Lollywood has managed to accomplish the 2 most successful horror films using the true slasher and storyline techniques Zinda Laash (Dracula in Pakistan/The Living mud) and Zibah Khana (Hells Ground) produced in 1967 and 2007 re spectively. It is interesting to know that the recent production Hells Ground makes continuous relations with the thirty year old film Zinda Laash. However, the two devour ebullient amount of differences in regard to the slasher film techniques and g closeer based critique which will be discussed in this essay. Dracula in Pakistan was filmed in the late 60s however, when released, it sprang a cascade of business organisation amongst the Pakistanis. According to (The Indian Express, 2012), a womanhood from the audience was agonized by a heart brush up. It was as well as the depression movie produced in Pakistan to be categorized as X-rated along with being screened at two international film festivals. (IMDB) Zinda Laash is considered as a plagiarized production an elucidation of Hammers authorised Dracula. (The hotspot Online) The plot begins with a scientist Dr.Tabani accomplishing his test experiment to gain immortality followed by the introduction of his assistant a buxom woman who discovers the dead body of the scientist and decides to store it in a coffin. To her astonishment, the corpse comes to life and she is his front victim. The story continues with a somnolent traveller, Dr. Aqil who does not consider the rumors of the existence of the immortals to be true, entering the mansion of the Khabees Rooh. Though, he soon discovers the veracity and chooses to end the cycle of plague, but is evidently futile.The film pull ahead revolves around a Dr. Aqils wife-to-be Shabnam, who is also a victim of Dr. Tabani and how immortality fails her appallingly. As petrifying Zinda Laash mogul take for been in the 60s, it most certainly isnt disturbing in relation to the modern day standards. One might find it rigorously monotonous but humorous at the resembling time as it depicts tempting and peculiar dances by women. Zinda Laash strongly caters to the Male Gaze through out the hundred minutes of its run time from the introduction to the climax and the co nclusion.Throughout the course, the audience experiences a range of dance numbers by either one or many women. The initial portrayal of the sexuality of women instigates when the assistant is lured by her dead boss in the middle of the dark hours. The woman is milled in a knee length night app atomic number 18l with revealed skin and cleavage identifying her as a sex object. For being a Pakistani production of the 60s era, the cinematic techniques capturing the body of the woman can definitely be labeled as obscene. The attack demonstrates sensuality in the facial expressions of the woman with the sluggish movement of closeness between the victim and the attacker pouring a sense of sexual stress amongst the audience. Followed by the f in good orderening shrieks of the woman, violence against women is highlighted significantly a woman is powerless in front of a man. Later, as the weary traveller arrives and adjusts comfortably at the mansion after a warm welcome by Dr. Tabani, o ne notices Dr. Aqil setting a mental picture frame of his beloved fiancee he truly misses. Dr.Tabani enters his room to ensure comfort and malignly admires the photo by calling it Khoobsurat. It is enigmatically bizarre how Dr. Tabani contracts to make Dr. Aqil his next victim who is right there and instead wishes to scoop blood out of a woman. Malevolent thoughts instantly stutter through the attackers corpus about the woman further enhancing the violence against women. As the night gets gloomy and murky, one notices Dr. Aqil being effortlessly distracted by the giggles of a woman the vampire bride. He gets up to follow the chuckles his facial expressions visibly expose his impulsion for sexual desire.Discovering the origin of the chortles, Dr. Aqil finds a mysterious womanish, dancing with voluptuous sensuality (The hot spot Online) come uped in a lightly lined white dress to attract him towards her. There is undeniably a connotation attached to the actions of the woman in this scene she uses her sexuality to fulfill her need to establish upon the man for survival. The man final examinationly submits himself to her and is attacked by the vampire bride. This explains how the religion of Islam fears the power of female sexual haulage over men.Imam Ghazalis interpretation is also highlighted during this part of the film female aggression is tuned outwards and she sexually entices men. Captivatingly, this occurrence is intermittent by Dr. Tabani the vampire, who pushes the woman once again showing the physical power of man over woman. Wretchedly, Dr. Aqil is masticated and is fated to earn immortality. Nonetheless, before fronting his destiny, he tries to put an end to the outrageous veracity by using a knife as the weapon of destruction, but fails terribly. Incongruously, a dance number is presented right after Dr.Aqil becomes a casualty of immortality. This dance sequence is similar to the many other(a)s sh induce during the film at unrivalled in tervals. This particular sequence comprised of a woman dancing dressed in a half weapon system top and pants in front of a crowd of men in majority. Vulgarity strikes not only in her clothing this time, but in the movement of her physique in sync with the melodic line lyrics which were chanted by a man as he made hand gestures pointing towards the dancer Udhar Jawani, Idhar Nasha. The lyrics clear indicate the drunken men relishing the jawaani of the female performing.The theme of sexuality is reinforced with the entrance of Dr. Aqils brother as he is interrupted with another dance number, this time comprising of many women dancing for their testify entertainment instead of one woman dancing to entertain a crowd. This dance comprises of Dr. Aqils fiancee, Shabnam dressed in shalwar kameez the national dress of Pakistan, dancing with her friends. However, the fitting of the clothing catered to the male gaze once again. The shirts are of normal length but tremendously body-hugging from the hip, hence outlining he body shape. These women also wore perfectly winged eyeliners and hair do gracefully, further emphasizing the gender socialization of women how they are required to dress up. The theme of men giving in for the sexuality of women is reversed when Shabnam desperately waits for Dr. Tabani to suck her blood. On his arrival, Shabnam lies go across on her bed in an inviting posture outlining her curvaceous body and reveals her neck women objectification. Once again, sexual tension is built as Dr. Tabani goes close to her neck and feeds on her.The difference between the preferably attacks and this once is that Shabnam was willingly letting Dr. Tabani feed on her she felt pleasure. The photograph below shows her exact position on the bed. (The HotSpot Online) There is also a female child in the narrative who Shabnam intends to feed on. The question here evolves as to why there was not a male child instead of a female child named gratify? Baby constantly made relations with Shabnam throughout the course of the film, for example, she teased Shabnam by snatching Dr. Aqils photograph from her hand and ran away.The film comes towards a climax where the family discovers the Dracula Shabnam who intended to trick Baby and suck her blood out. Shabnams brother confronts her as she convinces him to hug her she decides to feed on him. This plot comes to an end when Aqils brother acts as the macho man and pushes Shabnam away and stabs her to death by a dagger. patriarchate is promoted via this prospect as well. Nonetheless, a dance sequence is a must input at the peak this time a female wearing a sequin dress entertaining a group of men by dancing. Most importantly, we notice that the dupatta in many of these dance numbers is eliminated.The movie further progresses with the development of an aim to eradicate the immortals by Shabnams brother and Dr. Aqils brother. Zibah Khaana or Hells Ground, on the other hand, follows a completely contras ting narrative with underlining various subjects such as sexual practice Roles, Social Concerns and Pakistani Culture. It truly depicts the use of slasher film techniques like showing the valet de chambre from the eyes of the attacker and use of the Final Girl notion. It is an Urdu-English slasher film directed by Omar Khan in only 30 days and has won many awards at Film Festivals around the Globe. Wikipedia) Zibah Khaana is a journey of five dollar bill teen friends who decide to take a short cut through a place known as Dozakh Pur to attend a rock concert. On their way, they face many difficulties such as the toxic water, zombies, a daunting hitchhiker, a witch and a man dressed in a burkha with an ancient peaky weapon which makes the movie a modern gore flick. The diversity in characters chosen makes the film crimson more exhilarating. The movie begins with a boy having an accident upon seeing a Burkha Man standing in the middle of the road with a medieval weapon.However, t he starting victim is massacred with a spade, in comparison to Zinda Laash, where the first victim was a woman attacked by fangs. In the case of Hells Ground, woman objectification is precisely given any attention. The film sets the surroundings of Pakistan by showing detailed shots about the culture of Pakistan effortless activities. Gender socialization is highlighted when Roxy, a modern American girl is introduced and specifically asks her maid for a criticise colored shirt to wear as she has to spend the night at her friend Ayeshas dwelling house.Pakistani culture is further laid stress upon when the maid reacts in astonishment to Roxy, being a girl and outgo the night at a friends house. Next, a low class Christian boy, Simon is presented with his parents where the father uses abusive speech communication to degrade his son. In relation to Zinda Laash, here we experience that the wife Simons father screams back to her conserve in support of her child. Patriarchy is not laid stress upon it does exist but not to a critical extent in the modern day and this is what Zibah Khaana probably aimed to demonstrate.As the introduction progresses, the audience meets the Final Girl, Ayesha. Her first appearance in a traditional shalwar kameez serving her mother tea immediately clicks she is different from the previous two characters introduced. Once more, the Pakistani Culture and Gender Bias are tinted when Ayesha seeks permission from her mother to go on a school trip for the night. Receiving a hesitant reaction from her mother and exposition upon how her father would be against this act if he were alive, instantaneously converses with the Pakistani audience as to how girls should not be let out for the night.It emphasizes upon traditional beliefs on gender socialization girls should spend the night at their own house and not elsewhere. However, there are a lot of modern families in todays time who are also against girls spending the night elsewhere. In th e Pakistani society, it is definitely considered as indecent. Inevitably, Ayesha lies to bond out for the night to go to a rock concert. However, her socialization restricts her from doing things that she has been taught are wrong for example afterward in the film all her friends smoke hashish, but she doesnt.Ayesha also wears an Allah Hu Akbar necklace throughout the course of the film. We also observe, upon exiting the house Ayesha gets rid of her books and grabs a pair of jeans and t-shirt to throw later for the trip Ayesha belongs to a local mean(a) family. Later, when she changes her attire from a traditional one to modern, her friends are surprised. Roxy, Ayesha, Simon and another boy OJ meet at the ice cream parlor, Hot Spot and wait for the last character of the film Vicky to arrive with transport. He brings a van with old fashioned Pakistani Horror Film Paintings, one of which consisted of a plump woman posing.Pointing out the sexuality in the old times OJ instantly rea cts to the painting of the woman as sexy. This shows that unseasoned boys are easily drawn towards sexuality with being open about their desires. The friends continue to head out and on their way are disturbed by a group of transgenders while waiting for the craft signal to go green. An effective use of queer theory has been applied as the reaction of the teenagers is shown. Transgenders are a huge part of the Pakistani society and are treated with disgrace.They are usually sensed as infuriating while they beg at the traffic signals the reaction of Vicky and the body language of the transgenders have clearly been captured. As the transgenders approached and touched Vicky, his facial expressions stressed upon irritation and repulsion. Youth culture has been shown via sarcastic conversations amongst the five friends. Roxy is an American-Pakistani modern girl who did not hesitate to smoke hashish in comparison to the Final Girl, Ayesha who denies the passing game and feels uncomfo rtable. Roxy and OJ have a conversation about the socio-economic situation of Pakistan.This was amusing to observe as women in the earlier day were not included in such conversations, and today we see a positive change in the role of women. In Roxys imaginary world, she cant wait to get out of this sticky shithole. Use of abusive language by both the genders has been highlighted, which serves as a change in the norm of our society as all such instances are censored by the censor circuit board of Pakistan. Hells Ground, was however, successful in mirroring the documentaryity. From zombies, a freaky hitchhiker and a witch to the serial killer in a burkha, Zibah Khana covers it all.Generally, older women are always associated with darkness, magic and evil. Hells ground uses the same ideology and uses an unusual strange woman in the story who is involved in the village killings. The hitchhiker and the main psychopathic killer Burkhaman which the teenagers come across are the old woma ns children. Earlier in the film, the teenagers have managed to escape from the creepy hitchhiker by throwing him out of the van and crushing him in the process. Motherly instincts are shown when the mother finds her injured son and commands the Burkhaman to cut them up into botis. The old woman also unceasingly address the Burkhaman as her daughter further highlighting the use of queer theory. The Burkhaman is in reality a man, but is continuously referred as a female this is because the old woman always wanted a daughter but never had one. I believe, the use of such a dogma is an indirect reference to the LGBT club in Pakistan. Throughout the film, the serial killer being the main lead remains silent. According to my analogy, it has been done purposely to lay stress upon the fact that society wants the LGBT community to remain silent and act as the underdog of the society.Being a slasher film, the plot revolves around The Final Girl throughout. Before the zombie attacks, she sen ses incongruity but chooses to ignore and stays determined. This is the most ideal strategy used in the production of slasher films. Her psychological turmoil is continuously tested till the very end where she saves herself. In completion, Ayesha is the only individual left who has not been successfully victimized. Slasher films intend to show women in terror, and Zibah Khana explicitly follows this rule. It shows both the women, Roxy and Ayesha, in terror, running for their lives and screaming.The only difference is that Ayesha is the final girl and remains determined to save herself. Another stratagem used in Zibah Khana is the eradication of all the irrelevant characters one by one leaving the Final Girl as the last victim. This is to public figure tension amongst the audience to experience the reversal of gender roles. When Ayesha faces the Burkhaman, she fights back for herself and saves herself by getting hold of a spade and a stone, and smashes the head of the man dressed in a Burkha. There is no man to rescue her she is her own hero. A hidden side of the innocent girl is shown she makes sure to kill the attacker.Typically, in slasher films, the Final Girl is given intense strength and masculinity all of a sudden with the urge to protect her rather than being dependent upon a man to save the day. There are many differences we observe between the two films. Firstly, we notice that the first victim in Zinda Laash is a woman where she is shown as a sexual object. However, in Zibah Khana, the first victim is a boy OJ. Secondly, Zibah Khana adopts the technique of showing the world from the attackers eyes to its fullest whereas Zinda Laash hardly makes use of it.Thirdly, another distinctive feature of a slasher film is to show women in terror building the tension and finally reaching the climax. Zibah Khana renders this trepidation to a great(p) extent in comparison to Zinda Laash, where the women feeling fear is shown minimally in comparison to Zibah Khan a. Lastly, the concept of Final Girl is completely ignored in Zinda Laash, assuming that Shabnam was the main girl who was expected to save herself and not enter the realm of death that too by being stabbed by a man. Zibah Khana, on the other hand, stresses all the attention on the Final Girl, Ayesha.In the end she is the only survivor. Horror film is a genre which has come a long way in the Pakistani Cinema. It started off with showing women as sex objects to the girl becoming the main lead and surviving on her own terms. To conclude, I absolutely chord with Omar Khan, the director of Zibah Khana as he claims, Horror is at its most effective when it taps into real fears. Our real fears are connected to things that are sensitive politically and difficult to discuss. (Telegraph, UK, 2007) 3286 Words Bibliography (n. d. ). Retrieved November 27, 2012, from IMDB http//www. imdb. om/title/tt0360232/trivia Telegraph, UK. (2007, frightful 11). Retrieved December 4, 2012, from http//www . telegraph. co. uk/culture/film/starsandstories/3667146/Zibahkhana-Beware-zombies-wearing-saris. html The Indian Express. (2012, July 2). Retrieved December 4, 2012, from The Indian Express http//www. indianexpress. com/news/be-scared-very-scared/969038/0 The HotSpot Online. (n. d. ). Retrieved December 4, 2012, from http//www. thehotspotonline. com/moviespot/bolly/reviews/xyz/zindalaash. htm Wikipedia. (n. d. ). Retrieved December 4, 2012, from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Zibahkhana